AP Biology Nervous System Flashcards

9790061698	neuron	main cell of the nervous system	0
9790061699	glial cells	cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells)	1
9790061700	cell body	contains nucleus of the neuron	2
9790061701	dendrite	receive stimuli; highly branched extensions	3
9790061702	axon	conduct and propagate impulses	4
9790061703	Schwann cell	creates the myelin sheath	5
9790061704	node of Ranvier	gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses	6
9790061705	sensory neuron	pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain	7
9790061706	motor neuron	sends impulses to muscles to create movement	8
9790061707	interneuron	neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes	9
9790061708	resting potential	membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV	10
9790061709	sodium-potassium pump	protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential	11
9790061710	action potential	rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus	12
9790061711	threshold	the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV	13
9790061712	depolarization	the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV	14
9790061713	repolarization	Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative	15
9790061714	hyperpolarization	because K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron	16
9790061715	refractory period	period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again	17
9790061716	synapse	transmission of information is from one neuron to the next	18
9790061717	neurotransmitter	molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission	19
9790061718	synaptic vesicle	hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron	20
9790061719	postsynaptic receptor	receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential	21
9790061720	synaptic cleft	space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons	22
9790061721	myelin sheath	insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse	23
9790061722	afferent pathway	signal received from outside your nervous system and conducted toward it	24
9790061723	efferent pathway	carry signals away from the central nervous system toward muscle cells or glandular cells	25
9790061724	dopamine	neurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center	26
9790061725	serotonin	neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance	27
9790061726	GABA	neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted	28
9790061727	ion-gated channels	proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon	29
9790061728	sodium	ion responsible for depolarization	30
9790061729	potassium	ion responsible for repolarization	31
9790061730	calcium	ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters	32