AP Flashcards

7533354584	Monomers	A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer/ large biological molecules.	0
7533354585	protons and neutrons	Found in an atoms nucleus.	1
7533354586	Bases	Substances that can accept hydrogen ions	2
7533354587	Lipid	Type of molecule that is not soluble in polar solvents such as water but will dissolve in nonpolar solvents, with examples such as triglycerides and cholesterol.	3
7533354588	atomic number	The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	4
7533354589	Atomic mass	The weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element	5
7533354590	Acids	Substances that dissociate in water and release hydrogen ions	6
7533354591	Proteins	Organic molecules that perform many functions for living things and are made up of amino acid monomers	7
7533354592	Osmolarity	concentration of particles in a solution, or a solution's pulling power	8
7533354593	Tonicity	the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water	9
7533354594	Hypotonic solution	Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water	10
7533354595	Hypertonic	when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes	11
7533354596	isotonic solution	a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell	12
7533693298	Inductive method	What we know of anatomy	13
7533693299	Law of nature	Generalization about the predictable way in which matter and energy behave	14
7533693300	Tissue	An aggregation of cells and extra cellular materials which preform a discrete function	15
7533693301	Hypothetico-deductive method	Formulating a hypothesis in a form that could be falsified by a test on observable data. Most physiological knowledge gained by this method.	16
7533820579	Macromolecules	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	17
7533820580	Triglycerides	glycerol + 3 fatty acids	18
7533820581	glycolipids	Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids. A phospholipid with a carbohydrate bonded to it. It can be found in the plasma membranes of cells.	19
7533820582	Glycogen	Energy storage polysaccharide made by cells in the liver, muscles, brain, uterus	20
7533820583	Enzyme		21
7533912790	active site	The substrate binding site of an enzyme.	22
7537762865	anabolism	take simple molecules and make them into more complex. (building up)	23
7537773948	Catabolism	Breaking down of molecules	24
7537810345	homeostasis	ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, maintain stable internal environment. Loss of this cause disease or death	25
7537855596	Negative feedback	allows for dynamic equilibrium within a limited range around a set point.	26
7537887577	receptor	stimuli; senses the change in the body.	27
7537890609	Control center	processes and makes a decision regarding the change.	28
7537904020	Effector	cell or organ that carries out final correction action which could either reduce the stimulus, or enhance the stimulus.	29
7537944110	Positive feedback	the effector of a process bolsters the stimulus, which increases the production of the product.	30
7538372536	Ionic bond	transfer electrons. Gain or lose.	31
7538382808	Covalent bonds	sharing of electrons	32
7538409783	non-polar bond	electrons are shared equally...strongest bond	33
7538413652	polar bond	electrons shared unequally... spend more time near oxygen)	34
7538637156	adhesion	adhere to other substances to reduce friction	35
7538640164	cohesion	when water molecules cling to each other.	36
7538671435	hydrolysis	breaking something down...large molecules into smaller ones.	37
7538674750	Dehydration synthesis	joining of 2 + molecules to form a larger molecule	38
7538644328	chemical reactivity	ability to participate in chemical reactions	39
7538845497	oxidation	a chemical reaction in which a molecule gives up electrons and releases energy.	40
7538881084	reduction	a chemical reaction in which molecules gain electrons and energy	41
7538933730	Organic Chemistry	the study of compounds containing carbon	42
7538951922	Macromolecules	Large organic molecules with high molecular weight.	43
7538957200	Polymer	macromolecules made of a repetitive	44
7539336951	Monomers	a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer... also called nucleotides	45
7539528153	Monosaccharides	"simple sugars"; glucose, galactose, fructose	46
7539545010	Disaccharides	sucrose, lactose, maltose	47
7539556258	Polysaccharides	Glycogen; stored in the liver and skeletal muscle; starch- energy storage in plants	48
7539632876	Triglycerides	Three fatty acids linked to glycerol; formed by dehydration synthesis; broken down by hydrolysis	49
7539782546	peptide bonds	joints amino acids by dehydration synthesis	50
7539897919	Primary Structure	sequence of amino acids	51
7539911054	Secondary Structure	Coiled, held together by hydrogen bonds	52
7539914781	Tertiary Structure	3d shape due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions	53
7539929339	Quaternary Structure	hemoglobin...2 chains of protein linked together.	54
7539953633	Enzymes	proteins that function as biological catalysts	55