APES Flashcards
Unit 2 Test
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| 7290211840 | Matter | Has mass and volume | 0 | |
| 7290211841 | Atomic number | Number of protons in an atom | 1 | |
| 7290211842 | Isotopes | An element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons leading to a new atomic mass | 2 | |
| 7290211843 | Ions | Electron number is not equal to proton number, giving the substance a net charge | 3 | |
| 7290211844 | Mass number | Nucleon number + | 4 | |
| 7290211845 | Atoms | Basic unit of matter | 5 | |
| 7290211846 | Molecules | Two or more atoms bonded together | 6 | |
| 7290211847 | Element | A substance that connot be broken down beyond the basic unit of matter | 7 | |
| 7290211848 | Compound | A substance composed of two or more elements in proportion (all compounds are mlcs) | 8 | |
| 7290211849 | Law of Conservation of Matter | In chemical reactions, matter is neither created nor destroyed. Environmental science: waster - No "away" in "throw away" | 9 | |
| 7290211850 | Matter Undergoes Physical, Chemical, and Nuclear Changes | Physical - ice melting to water Chemical change/chemical reaction - Nuclear change - natural radioactive decay, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion | 10 | |
| 7290211851 | Half-Lives | Radioactive elements lose their radioactivity slowly over time Measurement - the time it takes for a substance to lose half of its radioactivity | 11 | |
| 7290211852 | Energy | Capacity to do work and transfer heat Unit = joule (J) Power = Energy/Time - kilowatts (kW) Energy = Power x time - kWh | 12 | |
| 7290211853 | Kinetic Energy | Energy in action | 13 | |
| 7290211854 | Potential Energy | Stored energy that is potentially available Ex. Water behind the dam | 14 | |
| 7290211855 | Energy quality | Measure of how useful it is -concentration -ability to do work | 15 | |
| 7290211856 | Which two scientific laws govern energy changes? | First law of thermodynamics: law of conservation of energy Second law of thermodynamics | 16 | |
| 7290211857 | First law of thermodynamics: Law of conservation of energy | Energy is niether created nor destroyed in physical and chemical changes. Energy input is always equal to energy output. | 17 | |
| 7290211858 | Second Law of Thermodynamics | Energy always goes from a more useful to a less useful form when it changes from one form to another. | 18 | |
| 7290211859 | Energy Efficiency | Ratio of the amount of work that is done to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system in the first place | 19 | |
| 7290211860 | Time lags | Change in a system leads to other changes after a delay -ex. Lung cancer | 20 | |
| 7290211861 | Synergy | When two or more processes interact so that the combined effect is greater -helpful: studying with a partner -harmful: smoking and inhaling asbestos particles | 21 | |
| 7290226952 | Positive Feedback Loop | Causes a system to change further in the same direction. | 22 | |
| 7290226953 | Negative Feedback Loop | Input is either reversed or reset. Usually sign of a healthy system. | 23 | |
| 7334751018 | Biomass | Mass of living biological organisms in an ecosystem at a given time | 24 | |
| 7334751019 | What is the amount of biomass in an ecosystem dependent on? | How much (and how quickly) solar energy is captured | 25 | |
| 7334751020 | Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) | Rate at which producers convert solar energy into chemical energy Energy production per unit area per unit time -kcal/m^2/yr | 26 | |
| 7334751021 | Net Primary Productivity (NPP) | GPP minus rate at which producers use the stored energy (respiration) Rate in which energy for us by consumers is stored in new biomass of plants 59% of global NPP occurs on land; 41% occurs in ocean | 27 | |
| 7334751022 | NPP and Biomass: Ocean | NPP low Biomass high | 28 | |
| 7334751023 | NPP and Biomass: Rainforest | NPP high Biomass high | 29 |