AP Biology: Cell Structure Flashcards

Vocabulary words from the AP Edition of Campbell Biology, Chapter 6.

9088556019	organelles	membrane-enclosed structures within a eukaryotic cell	0
9088556020	cytosol	a jellylike substance where organelles and other components are found	1
9088556021	eukaryotic cell	Cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles	2
9088556022	prokaryotic cell	Cell with no nucleus nor membrane bound organelles	3
9088556023	nucleoid region	a non-membrane-enclosed region of the cell where prokaryotic DNA is found	4
9088556024	cytoplasm	the region in a cell between the cell membrane and nucleus; it contains the cell structures and oganelles	5
9088556025	plasma membrane	The selective barrier that surrounds a cell; it controls what enters and leaves the cell	6
9088556026	nucleus	chromosome-containing part of a eukaryotic cell	7
9088556027	nuclear envelope	encloses the nucleus to separate its contents from the cytoplasm	8
9088556028	nucleolus	located in the nucleus, makes, synthesizes, and partially assembles ribosomes	9
9088556029	ribosomes	made of ribosomal RNA and protein, synthesize proteins	10
9088556030	endomembrane system	membranes that divide the cell into organelles such as the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and the cell membrane.	11
9088556031	endoplasmic reticulum (ER)	accounts for more than half of total membrane in many eukaryotic cells, continuous with the nuclear envelope	12
9088556032	smooth ER	portion of the endoplasmic reticulum free of ribosomes, synthesize lipids, detoxifies the cell, and regulates calcium levels	13
9088556033	rough ER	portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, produce and transport membrane and secretory proteins	14
9088556034	glycoproteins	proteins with covalently-bonded carbohydrates that play a role in cell to cell interaction	15
9088556035	transport vesicles	vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another	16
9088556036	Golgi apparatus	stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum	17
9088556037	lysosome	membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, which the cell uses to digest unwanted materials	18
9088556038	phagocytosis	the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle	19
9088556039	autolysis	lysosomes break down damaged organelles	20
9088556040	food vacuoles	formed by phagocytosis, pinches off from plasma membrane and encloses a food particle	21
9088556041	contractile vacuoles	pump excess water out of the cell to maintain a suitable concentration of ions and molecules in the cell	22
9088556042	central vacuole	the largest organelle in a plant cell. It is surrounded by the tonoplast and functions to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within plant cells	23
9088556043	mitochondria	chemically convert chemical (food) energy into usable ATP energy through cellular respiration	24
9088556044	chloroplasts	contain chlorophyll which help absorb solar energy in order to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars during photosynthesis	25
9088556045	flagella	a long tail-like structure that aids in cell movement	26
9088556046	cilia	a short hair-like structures that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell, utilizes a back-and-forth motion	27
9088556047	cell wall	extracellular structure specific to plant cells, protects the cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive water uptake	28