AP Unit 6 Flashcards

6302499033	Gross National Product	Total value in and out of a country	0
6302504578	Gross Domestic Product	Total Value in a country	1
6302508664	Gross National Income	Monetary value of what is purchased and income investment received outside (calculated per capita)	2
6302582520	Informal economy	-is not taxed or monitored by the government -activities are not included in the GNP or GDP -(underground economy)	3
6302618365	formal economy	legal economy that governments tax and monitor	4
6302645207	Core	-Core-Periphery Model -high levels of socio-economic development/prosperity	5
6302690267	Semi-periphery	-Core-Periphery Model -more powerful than periphery -some control by core	6
6302699468	Periphery	-Core-Periphery Model -poor -dependent with little control over its own affairs	7
6302710083	Core-Periphery Model	-Core, semi-periphery, periphery -Based on World Systems Theory by Immanual Wallerstein	8
6302745805	Liberal models	all countries are capable of development	9
6302775181	structuralist models	-many disparities -not all countries go through the same process of development	10
6302787075	Modernization model	-by Walt Rostow ¨latter of development¨ -assumes all countries follow a similar path to development or modernization advancing through 5 stages of development -corresponds with DTM	11
6302847994	development	progess is being made in tech, production, and socioeconomic well-being	12
6302903043	Stage 1 of Modernization Model	-traditional -subsistence farming, tech is slow to change, rigid social structure	13
6302932293	Stage 2 of Modernization Model	-preconditions to takeoff -new leadership, diversification, openness	14
6302949874	Stage 3 of Modernization Model	-takeoff -¨industrial revolution¨, increased urbanization, industrialization proceeds, tech and mass production breakthrough	15
6302973655	Stage 4 of Modernization Model	-drive to maturity -tech diffuses, industrial specialization, international trade expands	16
6302985600	Stage 5 of Modernization Model	-high mass consumption -high income, wide-spread production of goods and services	17
6306643361	Backwash Effects	negative impacts on a region due to economic success in another region (acid rain)	18
6306679316	Spread Effects	positive impacts on a region due to economic growth of another region	19
6306713660	Agglomeration Diseconomies	The negative economic effects of urbanization and the local concentration of industry	20
6306752550	Barriers to Economic Development	1) Social conditions (Lack of education and human trafficking) 2) Foreign debt 3) Disease (malaria) 4) Political instability	21
6306776948	Costs of Economic Development	1) Industrialization 2) Agriculture (large scale leaves little room for local market; desertification) 3) Tourism	22
6306809234	3 Categories of Tourism	1) Man-made (theme parks) 2) Historical/cultural (civil war battle fields) 3) Natural Resources (national/state parks)	23
6306828661	Tourism	-exclusive resorts=no connection with local businesses -most successful regions have multiple attractions -income does not benefit local economies -capital owned by multi-national corporations (not the host country)	24
6306862646	Ecotourism	-designed to protect and empower locals -3 factors needed for success: 1) low impact/environmentally friendly 2) beneficial to local economy and its residents 3) culturally sensitive	25
6306869449	Key facts in development	-core countries experience poverty (regional;really poor parts of wealthy countries) -GNI is not always a key indicator of wealth -wealth/poverty are key terms	26
6306999463	Role of governments in development	government policy influences development (taxes zoning, regulations)	27
6307012575	Islands of development	-Primate cities in the periphery -focus on wealth in a designated city/region	28
6307056385	Microcredit Program	Loans to the poor (mostly women) to start their own business. Gives women more power. Less successful in places with high mortality rates	29