AP Stats Chapter 11 Flashcards
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| 5674306796 | Population | The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn | 0 | |
| 5674312346 | Sample | A representative subset of a population, examined in hope of learning about the population | 1 | |
| 5674319970 | Sample survey | A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population. Example: polls taken to assess voter preferences | 2 | |
| 5674340795 | Bias | Any systematic failure of a sample method to represent its population. | 3 | |
| 5674352590 | Randomization | The best defense against bias. Each individual is given a fair random chance of selection. | 4 | |
| 5674377356 | Sample size | The number of individuals in a sample. This determines how well the sample represents the population. | 5 | |
| 5674388411 | Census | A sample that consists of the entire population. | 6 | |
| 5674390990 | Population parameter | A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population. It can be estimated from sample data. | 7 | |
| 5674411903 | Statistic (sample statistic) | Values calculated for sample data. | 8 | |
| 5674421345 | Representative | This means the statistics computed from a sample accurately reflect the corresponding population parameters. | 9 | |
| 5674431161 | Simple Random Sample (SRS) | A sample in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection. | 10 | |
| 5674438495 | Sampling frame | A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn. | 11 | |
| 5674448471 | Sampling variability | The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ one from another. This is sometimes erroneously called sampling error. | 12 | |
| 5674457638 | Stratified Random Sample | A sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations, or strata, and random samples are then drawn from each stratum. | 13 | |
| 5674473925 | Cluster sample | A sampling design in which entire groups, or clusters, are chosen at random. This is usually selected as a matter of convenience, practicality, or cost. | 14 | |
| 5674493254 | Multistage sample | Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods. | 15 | |
| 5674502876 | Systematic sample | A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame. There should be no relationship between the order of the sampling frame and the variables of interest. | 16 | |
| 5674527675 | Pilot study | A small trial run of a survey to check whether questions are clear. This can reduce errors due to ambiguous questions. | 17 | |
| 5674536176 | Voluntary response bias | Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample. | 18 | |
| 5674546600 | Convenience sample | Consists of the individuals who are conveniently available. These often fail to be representative because every individual in the population is not convenient to sample. | 19 | |
| 5674556553 | Undercoverage | A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population. | 20 | |
| 5674569960 | Nonresponse Bias | Bias introduced when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond. Those who do respond are likely to not represent the entire population. | 21 | |
| 5674582133 | Response Bias | Anything in a survey design that influences responses. For example - the wording of questions. | 22 |