Ap Biology Chapter 20 Flashcards
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| 6151708666 | Recombinant DNA | Nucleotide sequences from two ifferent sources are combined in vitro into the same DNA molecule | 0 | |
| 6151716308 | Genetic engineering | The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes | 1 | |
| 6151718854 | Biotechnology | The manipulation of organisms of their genetic components to make useful products | 2 | |
| 6151724403 | Plasmids | Small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome | 3 | |
| 6151731628 | Gene cloning | Involves using bacteria to make multiple copies of a gene | 4 | |
| 6151742408 | Restriction enzymes | Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific DNA sequences | 5 | |
| 6151748748 | Restriction fragments | The fragments of DNA that are produced from restriction enzymes | 6 | |
| 6151754276 | DNA ligase | An enzyme that seals the bonds between restriction fragments | 7 | |
| 6151758805 | Cloning vector | The original plasmid used in gene cloning | 8 | |
| 6151767803 | Genomic library | The collection of recombinant vector cones produced by cloning DNA fragments from an entire genome | 9 | |
| 6151777634 | Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) | A large plasmid that has been trimmed down and can carry a large DNA insert | 10 | |
| 6151790243 | Complimentary DNA (cDNA) | A library that is made by cloning DNA made in vitro by reverse transcription of all the mRNA produced by a particular cell and only represents a part of the genome | 11 | |
| 6151813686 | Nucleic acid hybridization | The process that allows researchers to identify a gene of interest | 12 | |
| 6151843586 | Yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC) | A host cell that avoids gene expression | 13 | |
| 6151852698 | Electroporation | A method to introduce recombinant DNA into eukaryotic cells by applying a brief electrical pulse to create temporary holes in plasma membranes | 14 | |
| 6151872413 | Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | A way to produce many copies of a specific target segment of DNA | 15 | |
| 6151882714 | Gel electrophoresis | A method of rapidly analyzing and comparing genomes | 16 | |
| 6151887835 | Southern blotting | A technique that combines gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments with nucleic acid hybridization | 17 | |
| 6151900391 | Northern blotting | A technique that combines gel electrophoresis of mRNA followed by hybridization with a probe on a membrane | 18 | |
| 6151916664 | DNA microarray assays | Compare patterns of gene expression in different tissues, at different times, or under different conditions | 19 | |
| 6151924589 | In vitro mutagenesis | Mutations are introduced into a clonedd gene, altering or destroying its function | 20 | |
| 6151933353 | Totipotent | A cell that can generate a complete new organism | 21 | |
| 6151939605 | RNA interference (RNAi) | A way that gene expression is silenced by synthetic double stranded RNA molecules matching the sequence of a particular gene | 22 | |
| 6151955485 | Stem cells | A relatively unspecialized cell that can reproduce itself indefinitely and differentiate into specialized cells of one or more types | 23 | |
| 6151973334 | Single nucleotide polymorphins (SNPs) | Single base-pair sites that vary in a population | 24 | |
| 6151989108 | Gene therapy | The alteration of an afflicted individual's genes | 25 | |
| 6151994973 | Transgenic animals | When genes from one species is introduced into the genome of another animal | 26 | |
| 6152003833 | Genetic profile | An individual's unique DNA sequence | 27 | |
| 6152009617 | Short tandem repeats (STRs) | Variations in the number of repeats of specific DNA sequences | 28 | |
| 6152017571 | Ti plasmid | The most commonly used vector for introducing new genes into plant cells | 29 | |
| 6152024846 | Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) | An organism whose genetic material has been altered through some genetic engineering technology or technique | 30 |