AP Gov Chapter 10 Flashcards

8598429453	Caucus	a meeting of party followers in which party delegates are selected	0
8598429454	momentum	when a candidate wins (especially an upset win), he tends to do better than expected in future contests. Sometimes also called the bandwagon effect	1
8598429455	retrospective voting	voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office	2
8598429456	prospective voting	voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues	3
8598429457	valence issues	an issue on which everyone agree, but the question is whether or not the candidate embraces that view	4
8598429458	positional issues	an issue in which rival candidates have opposing views but that also divides the voters	5
8598429459	incumbent	the person already holding an elective office	6
8598429460	incumbency advantage	the tendency of incumbents to do better than otherwise similar challengers, especially in congressional elections	7
8598429461	gerrymandering	drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party	8
8598429462	surge and decline	tendency for the president's party to do better in presidential years when he is at the top pf the ticket (surge), but do worse when he is not because many voters are less enthusiastic and stay home (decline)	9
8598429463	coattails	the alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president	10
8598429464	political action committees (PACs)	committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations.	11
8598429465	independent expenditures	spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions to help a party or candidate but done independently of them	12
8598429466	soft money	funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities such as get out the vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate	13
8598429467	527 organizations	organizations under section 527 of the international revenue code that raise and spend money to advance political causes	14
8598429468	super PACs	a group that raises and send unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but cannot coordinate it's activities with campaigns in any way	15