Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards

6325138564	Inflammatory Response	Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature	0
6325138565	Histamines	chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area and cause inflammation.	1
6325138566	Phagocytes	White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages	2
6325138567	Cytokine	chemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area	3
6325138568	Specific immunity	B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response	4
6325138569	Lymphocyte	White blood cell in which B and T cells belong	5
6325138570	B Cells	Humoral response by producing antibodies; activated by T cells or free antigens	6
6325138571	T Cells	Cell-mediated response, stimulating by APCs (antigen presenting cells)	7
6325138572	Helper T Cell	Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC	8
6325138573	Cytotoxic T Cell	Kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells	9
6325138574	Macrophages	APC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells	10
6325138575	Interleukin 1	Chemokine/cytokine secreted by a macrophage after it engulfs and presents antigens on its surface; activates helper T cells	11
6325138576	Interleukin 2	Chemokine that stimulates B cells to become active antibody-secreting plasma cells; released by helper T cell	12
6325138577	MHC I	molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy	13
6325138578	MHC II	molecules found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells; signal helper T cells	14
6325138579	Memory Cells	Responsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection	15
6325138580	Antibody	Y-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction	16
6325138581	Antigen	Identifying marker on the outside of a pathogen	17
6325138582	Passive Immunity	Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child	18
6325138583	HIV	A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells	19
6325138584	Autoimmune disease	A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself	20
6325138585	Allergy	Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine	21
6325138586	Dendritic Cells	During primary immune responses, the principle antigen-presenting cells in the lymph nodes	22
6325138587	Innate Immunity	General, non-specific protection to the body, including the skin (barrier), gastric acid, phagocytes, and lysozyme.	23
6325138588	Effector Cell	Short-lived lymphocyte such as a B cell or cytotoxic T lymphocyte that can take immediate action against an antigen.	24
6325138589	Natural Killer Cells	A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity.	25
6325138590	Mast Cells	Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.	26
6325138591	Humoral Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.	27
6325138592	Cell-mediated Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells.	28
6325138593	Neutrophils	The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their lifespan to a few days. (aka: Pus)	29