AP Bio - Energy Flashcards
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| 5804753400 | ATP | The energy currency of cellular metabolism |  | 0 |
| 5804766429 | Phosphorylation | Chemical reaction resulting in the addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule. |  | 1 |
| 5804774233 | Oxidation | Loss of an electron by an atom or molecule; often results in loss of a hydrogen ion as well. |  | 2 |
| 5804782728 | Reduction | The gain of an electron by an atom or molecule, often with an associated proton. |  | 3 |
| 5804796462 | Fermentation | Anaerobic respiration; extraction of energy from organic compounds without the use of oxygen. |  | 4 |
| 5804806512 | Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) | A series of reactions in the mitochondrial matrix that produces energy carriers (NADH, FADH2, ATP) and carbon dioxide |  | 5 |
| 5804828506 | Glycolysis | The anaerobic breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; precursor to aerobic respiration |  | 6 |
| 5804834007 | Electron Transport Chain | The passage of electrons through a series of molecules embedded in the mitochondrial or chloroplast membranes. |  | 7 |
| 5804838938 | Chemiosmosis | The generation of ATP through an accumulation of protons on one side of a mitochondrial or chloroplast membrane. |  | 8 |
| 5804853947 | ATP Synthase | An enzyme in the membranes of chloroplasts or mitochondria that uses energy from the concentration of protons (created by chemiosmosis) to synthesize ATP. |  | 9 |
| 5804872518 | Light Reactions | Light energy is captured and used to produce ATP and NADPH in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts |  | 10 |
| 5804886015 | Calvin Cycle | A series of reactions in the chloroplast that use ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose. |  | 11 |
| 5804895198 | Thylakoid | Disk-like membranes inside the chloroplast where the light reactions of photosynthesis take place. |  | 12 |
| 5804898117 | NADH | An reduced energy carrier created by the Krebs cycle during cellular respiration that delivers high energy electrons used by the electron transport chain. |  | 13 |
| 5804905992 | FADH2 | An reduced energy carrier created by the Krebs cycle during cellular respiration that delivers high energy electrons used by the electron transport chain. |  | 14 |
| 5804907234 | NADPH | A reduced energy carrier created by the Light Reactions of photosynthesis that delivers high energy electrons used to fuel the Calvin Cycle |  | 15 |
| 5804924872 | Pyruvate | A 3-carbon molecule produced by the digestion of glucose during glycolysis |  | 16 |
| 5805263376 | Photophosphyorylation | The synthesis of ATP from ADP during the light reactions using energy from sunlight |  | 17 |
| 5805276994 | Photosystem | A complex composed of chlorophyll, other pigments, and proteins that traps light energy as excited electrons. |  | 18 |
| 5805282775 | Photolysis | The separation of water into oxygen and hydrogen in the presence of light energy |  | 19 |
| 5805293628 | Carbon Fixation | The binding of carbon dioxide to a sugar as the first step in synthesis of glucose during photosynthesis |  | 20 |
| 5805300114 | Rubisco | An enzyme in plants that catalyzes the binding of atmospheric carbon dioxide to an organic compound |  | 21 |
| 5805311828 | Stomata | A small opening bordered by guard cells on the underside of a leaf that allows for gas exchange and transpiration |  | 22 |
| 5805317714 | Transpiration | The loss of water vapor by plant parts, caused mainly by evaporation of water leaving the stomata |  | 23 |
| 5805322064 | Phototropism | In plants, a growth response to a light stimulus |  | 24 |
| 5805327463 | Photoperiodism | When biological reactions vary based on the duration of day and night. |  | 25 |