AP Psychology Unit 14 Flashcards

9721262395	Social Psychology	the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.	0
9721262396	Attribution Theory	the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.	1
9721262397	Fundamental Attribution Error	the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.	2
9721262398	Attitude	feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.	3
9721262399	Central Route Persuasion	attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.	4
9721262400	Peripheral Route Persuasion	attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues	5
9721262401	Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon	the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.	6
9721262402	Role	a set of expectations about a social position	7
9721262403	Cognitive Dissonance Theory	the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent	8
9721262404	Conformity	adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.	9
9721262405	Normative Social Influence	influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.	10
9721262406	Informational Social Influence	influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.	11
9721262407	Social Facilitation	stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.	12
9721262408	Social Loafing	the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.	13
9721262409	Deindividuation	the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.	14
9721262410	Group Polarization	the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.	15
9721262411	Groupthink	the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.	16
9721262412	Culture	the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next	17
9721262413	Norm	an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior.	18
9721262414	Personal Space	the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.	19
9721262415	Prejudice	an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members	20
9721262416	Stereotype	a generalized belief about a group of people.	21
9721262417	Discrimination	unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.	22
9721262418	Ingroup	"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.	23
9721262419	Outgroup	"Them"—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.	24
9721262420	Ingroup Bias	the tendency to favor our own group.	25
9721262421	Scapegoat Theory	the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.	26
9721262422	Other-Race Effect	the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races	27
9721262423	Just-World Phenomenon	the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.	28
9721262424	Aggression	physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.	29
9721262425	Frustration-Aggression Principle	the principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression.	30
9721262426	Mere Exposure Effect	the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.	31
9721262427	Passionate Love	an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.	32
9721262428	Companionate Love	the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.	33
9721262429	Equity	a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.	34
9721262430	Self-Disclosure	revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.	35
9721262431	Altruism	unselfish regard for the welfare of others.	36
9721262432	Bystander Effect	the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.	37
9721262433	Social Exchange Theory	the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.	38
9721262434	Reciprocity Norm	an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.	39
9721262435	Social-Responsibility Norm	an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.	40
9721262436	Conflict	a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.	41
9721262437	Social Trap	a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.	42
9721262438	Self Fulfilling Prophecy	a belief that leads to its own fulfillment	43
9721262439	Superordinate Goals	shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.	44