AP Psychology Unit 5 Flashcards

5454155324	consciousness	our awareness of ourselves and our environment	0
5454155325	circadian rhythm	the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle	1
5454155326	REM sleep	rapid eye moment sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active	2
5454155327	alpha waves	the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state	3
5454155328	sleep	periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation	4
5454155329	hallucinations	false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus	5
5454155330	delta waves	the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep	6
5454155331	NREM sleep	non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep	7
5454155332	narcolepsy	a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times	8
5454155333	sleep apnea	a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings	9
5454155334	night terrors	a sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered	10
5454155335	dream	a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it	11
5454155336	manifest content	according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)	12
5454155337	latent content	according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)	13
5454155338	REM rebound	the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)	14
5454155339	hypnosis	a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur	15
5454155340	posthypnotic suggestions	a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors	16
5454155341	dissociation	a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others	17
5454155342	psychoactive drug	a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods	18
5454155343	tolerance	the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect	19
5454155344	withdrawal	the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug	20
5454155345	physical dependence	a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued	21
5454155346	psychological dependence	a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions	22
5454155347	addiction	compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences	23
5454155348	depressants	drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce activity and slow body functions	24
5454155349	barbiturates	drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment	25
5454155350	opiates	opium and its derivatives, (such as morphine and heroin); they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety	26
5454155351	stimulants	drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up the body functions	27
5454155352	amphetamines	drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes	28
5454155353	methamphetamine	a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels	29
5454155354	near-death experience	an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations	30
5454155355	THC	the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations	31
5454155356	homeostasis	a state of psychological equilibrium obtained when tension or a drive has been reduced or eliminated	32
5454155357	insomnia	recurring problems in falling or staying asleep	33
5454155358	activation-synthesis theory	theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story	34
5454155359	biofeedback	a training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them	35
5454155360	meditation	the act of deep thinking or reflection	36
5454155361	ecstasy (MDMA)	a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition	37
5454155362	hallucinogens	psychedlic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input	38
5454155363	LSD	a powerful hallucigenic drug; also known as acid	39
5454155364	Stanley Coren	found most humans will sleep 9 hours if uninterrupted	40
5454155365	William Dement	Sleep researcher who discovered and coined the phrase "rapid eye movement" (REM) sleep.	41
5454155366	Sigmund Freud	considered dreams the key to understanding our inner conflict	42
5454155367	Ernest Hilgard	believed hypnosis invovles not only social influences but also a special state of dissociation Hilgard's HYPNOSIS	43
5454155368	Albert Hofmann	a Swiss scientist known best for being the first person to synthesize, ingest and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)	44
5454155369	Nicholas Spanos	hypnosis researcher!	45