AP Ecology 1 Flashcards

5031182800	Heterotroph	Organism that obtains its energy from the food it consumes	0
5031182801	Autotroph	Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds.	1
5031182802	Greenhouse Effect	Carbon dioxide and water vapor in atmosphere trap infrared radiation, re-reflecting it back toward earth.	2
5031182803	Eutrophication	Sewage and fertilizer runoff adds nutrients to lakes; phytoplankton decreases and cyanobacteria increases.	3
5031182804	Symbiosis	A close and often long-term interaction between two or more different species	4
5031182805	Mutualism	Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship.	5
5031182806	Commensalism	Symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.	6
5031182807	Parasitism	Symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism, called the host, and consequently harms it.	7
5031182808	Population Density	Number of individuals per unit area.	8
5031182810	Species Richness	The number of different species in a community.	9
5031182811	Species Diversity	The number and relative abundance of species in a community.	10
5031182812	Exponential Growth	Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve.	11
5031182813	Logistical Growth	Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth, forming an S-shaped curve.	12
5031182814	Carrying Capacity (K)	Maximum population of a particular species that a given habitat can support over a given period.	13
5031182815	Limiting Factors	Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.	14
5031182816	Density-Dependent Limiting Factor	A limiting factor of a population wherein large, dense populations are more strongly affected than small, less crowded ones.	15
5031182817	Density-Independent Limiting Factor	Limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size.	16
5031182818	r-selection	Also called density-independent selection. Characterized by many offspring with little or no parental care.	17
5031182819	k-selection	Also called density-dependent selection. Characterized by few offspring with little or much parental care.	18
5031182820	Type I Survivorship	Usually experience high survival in early and middle life, followed by a rapid decline in later life. Usually K-selected	19
5031182821	Type II Survivorship	Experience roughly a constant mortality rate regardless of age. Prey animals such as birds can follow this pattern of survival.	20
5031182822	Type III Survivorship	Experience the greatest mortality early on in life, with relatively low rates of death for those surviving. Usually r-selected.	21
5031182823	Age Distribution	A model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population.	22
5031182824	Keystone Species	A plant or animal that plays a unique and crucial role in the way an ecosystem functions.	23
5031182825	Consumer	A heterotroph	24
5031182826	Producer	An autotroph	25
5031182827	Circadian Rhythm	The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.	26
5031182832	Taxis	Movement in response to a stimulus	27
5031182833	Innate Behavior	A non-learned response that fixed in an organism upon birth.	28
5031182834	Aposematic Coloration	The bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defenses that acts as a warning to predators.	29
5031182835	Biotic	Living	30
5031182836	Abiotic	Non-living	31
5031182837	Batesian Mimicry	A type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators.	32
5031182838	Mullerian Mimicry	A type of mimicry in which two or more unpalatable species resemble each other.	33
5031182839	Habitat Fragmentation	Breakup of a habitat into smaller pieces, usually as a result of human activities.	34
5031182840	Indigenous	Native to a certain area.	35
5031182841	Invasive Species	Species introduced to new areas that often disrupt the indigenous communities.	36
5031182842	Ectoparasite	Parasites that feed on the external surface of a host.	37
5031182843	Endoparasite	Parasites that live within the body of their host.	38
5031182844	Biological Magnification	The increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain.	39