AP Biology- Chapter 22 Flashcards
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| 5783346817 | Charles Darwin | 1) published "The Origin of Species" 2) based off observations made on round-the-world journey as naturalist on H.M.S. Beagle 3) conclusions: current species are descendants of ancient species | 0 | |
| 5783346818 | Evolution | descent with modification; change over time; both pattern and process | 1 | |
| 5783346819 | Aristotle | 1) Greek philosopher 2) "Species are fixed" 3) Scala naturae | 2 | |
| 5783346820 | Carolus Linnaeus | 1) creationist 2) Adaptations= evidence of design 3) taxomy= classification of biological organisms | 3 | |
| 5783346821 | Fossils | 1) groundwork for Darwin's ideas 2) remains or traces of organisms from the past 3) usually found in sedimentary rock= appears in layers (strata) | 4 | |
| 5783346822 | James Hutton & Charles Lyell | 1) uniformitarianism= "earth has changed vis constant, slow processes" 2) influenced Darwin's thinking | 5 | |
| 5783346823 | Jean-Baptist Lamarck | 1) "species change through use and disuse of body parts" 2) "aquired characteristics can be inherited" 3) not supported by evidence | 6 | |
| 5783346824 | Thomas Malthus | 1) "Humans population would reach a maximum number" 2) "Controlled by famine, war, disease, etc." 3) Darwin applied this to other species | 7 | |
| 5783346825 | Natural Selection | cause of adaptive evolution | 8 | |
| 5783346826 | Artificial Selection | 1) Humans have modified other species by selecting and breeding animals with desired traits 2) Darwin experimented with pigeon breeding to test natural selection | 9 | |
| 5783346827 | Darwin's two main ideas: | 1) descent with modification=all organisms are related through descent from an ancient common ancestor 2) explanation for life's unity and diversity | 10 | |
| 5783346828 | Observation #1: Members of population often __________ _______ in their traits. | greatly vary | 11 | |
| 5783346829 | Observation #2: Traits are __________ from parents to offspring. | inherited | 12 | |
| 5783346830 | Observation #3: All species are capable of producing ______ offspring than environment can ___________. | more; support | 13 | |
| 5783346831 | Observation #4: Owing to lack of ______ or other resources, many of these offspring do not __________. | food; survive | 14 | |
| 5783346832 | Inference #1: Individuals whose parents give them _________ probability of surviving and _____________ in given environment tend to leave more ___________ than other individuals. | higher; reproducing; offspring | 15 | |
| 5783346833 | Inference #2: The _________ ability of individuals to survive and __________ will lead to the accumulation of ____________ traits in the population over _______________. | unequal; reproduce; favorable; generation | 16 | |
| 5783346834 | S.W.I.F.T | S~ struggle for existence W~ Whale of a lot of offspring I~ Individual variation F~ Fittest survive T~ Transmission of offspring | 17 | |
| 5783346835 | "Fit" | ability to survive and reproduce in your particular environments | 18 | |
| 5783346836 | "Adaptation" | trait that makes you more fit for your particular environment | 19 | |
| 5783346837 | ____________ DO NOT evolve--> ____________ evolve over long periods of time. | Individuals; populations | 20 | |
| 5783346838 | Drug 3TC | designed to interfere and cause errors in the manufacture of DNA from the virus | 21 | |
| 5783346839 | Rapid adaptation of bacteria= ? | challenge to our society | 22 | |
| 5783346840 | Fossil Record provides evidence of: | 1) extinction of species 2) origins of new groups 3) changes within groups over time | 23 | |
| 5783346841 | Homology | similarity resulting from common ancestry | 24 | |
| 5783346842 | Homologous structures | anatomical structures that function on a basic plan due to common ancestry; have differentiated to fit different function; verbrate | 25 | |
| 5783346843 | Comparative Embryology | reveals anatomical homologies not visible in adult | 26 | |
| 5783346844 | Vestigial Structure | 1) remnants of features that served important homologies in organism's ancestors 2) have lost or reduced function | 27 | |
| 5783346845 | Phylogenetic trees (AKA evolutionary trees) | 1) show hypothesis of evolutionary relationships bet. different organismal groups 2) use many different types of data: anatomical differences & DNA sequence data | 28 | |
| 5783346846 | Convergent Evolution | 1) evolution of similar (analogous) features in distantly related groups 2) happen when groups independently adapt to similar environments in similar ways 3) does not provide ancestry | 29 | |
| 5783346847 | Biogeography | geographic distribution of species (living and extinct) | 30 | |
| 5783346848 | Islands | many species that are often closely related to species on the nearest mainland or island | 31 | |
| 5783346849 | Pangea | single large continent formerly existing on Earth; separated by continental drift | 32 |