AP Flashcards

9278689471	nucleus	most important organelle within the cell, it controls the activities of cells and the division of them as well.	0
9278702558	cytoplasm	is a sticky semifluid found between the nucleus and the cell membrane. Chemical analysis of this shows that it consists of water, salt, carbohydrates, proteins, lips and minerals. -Membranous organelles -Nonmembranous organelles	1
9278723028	plasma membrane	a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm.	2
9280310071	facilitated diffusion	transport substances down a concentration gradient, energy required comes from the collision energy of solute (from a higher to lower concentration )	3
9280340301	facilitated diffusion ( channel mediated passive transport)	they only allow one type of solute to pass through -gated channels allow membranes to be selectively - aquaporins are water channels that permit rapid osmosis	4
9280401241	facilitated diffusion ( carrier mediated passive)	carriers attract&bind to the solute . change shape & release the solute out the other side of carrier. carriers are usually reversible	5
9280430599	passive transport	move substances down their concentration gradients, (homeostatic)	6
9280440909	types of passive trasport	simple and facilitates	7
9280445474	active transport	require the expenditure of metabolic energy by the cell, transport by pumps, pumps are membrane transporters that move substance against its concentration -opposite of diffusion	8
9280471141	calcium pumps and sodium pumps	active transport	9
9280488985	ATP	energy from the cell	10
9280512134	endocytosis	plasma membrane "traps" some extracellular material & brings it into the cell vesicle	11
9280542487	exocytosis	inside of the cell vesicle to taking it out of the cell large molecules are enclosed in membranous vesicles	12
9280571281	2 endocytosis - phagocytosis -pinocytosis	large particles taken over by plasma membrane&enter the cell vesicles, (cell eating)	13
9280589365	active transport	requires energy use by membrane	14
9280594786	role of enzymes	chemical catalysts that reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction, regulate cell metabolism - proteins of a complex shape, active site where the enzyme molecule fits the substrate molecule (locks it in )	15
9280629475	catabolism	breakdown of cells - cellular respiration is important to this - ( three pathways), glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport systems (ETS)	16
9280638936	enzymes	regulate cell function by regulating metabolic pathways	17
9280658632	allosteric effectors	affect enzyme action by changing the shape of the enzyme molecule	18
9280701132	enzymes general function	most catalyze a chemical reactions in both directions, ( they stand around and wait) constantly being destroyed and replaced.	19
9280729601	glycolysis	path where glucose is broken apart ( pyruvic acid	20
9280747256	citric acid( krebs cycle)	citric acid cycle is a repeating sequence of reactions that occurs	21
9280767542	electron transport sys	protons flow back into the inner chamber throu pump molecules in the cristae & their energy is transferred to AtP	22
9280786551	anabolism	protein synthesis is a central anabolic pathway	23
9280823922	cell reproduction	ensures that genetic information is passed from one generation to the next	24
9280833832	protein synthesis	central anabloic pathway in cells - DNA is a double helix polymer that functions to transfer info, encoded genes, to direct synthesis of proteins	25
9280879528	RNA	messenger RNA which is a transcript of a code for one polypeptide - mRNA - transcription is inside the nucleus and transport outside of it	26
9289934103	• Gamete		27