AP Flashcards

8213853186	How do enzymes catalyze?	Lower activation energy	0
8213853187	Free energy model	Exergonic: down endergonic:up	1
8213853188	Extremes of PH effects on enzymes	Changed charges on R group of amino acids	2
8213853189	oxidative phosphorylation	Synthesis ATP through redox reactions	3
8213853190	Aerobic	Uses O2	4
8213853191	Anaerobic	Doesn't use O2	5
8213853192	steps of cellular respiration	glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain	6
8213853193	Connection of electron chain to ATP synthasis	Electron transport chain creates proton gradient for chemiosmosis	7
8213853194	folds of mitochondria	cristae	8
8213853195	Other high energy molecule from glycolysis	2 NAD to 2 NADH	9
8213853196	Benign	Doesn't leave site, doesn't impair function	10
8213853197	malignant	Travels, impairs functions	11
8213853198	Metastasis	The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site	12
8213853199	binary fission	A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.	13
8213853200	Internal factors of cell cycle	Essential nutrients present	14
8213853201	External factors of cell cycle	Growth factor from other cells	15
8213853202	carbon fixation	The initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds.	16
8213853203	coenzyme	If the cofactor is an organic molecule.	17
8213853204	free energy	portion of a system's energy that can perform work	18
8213853205	Enzyme activity influences	Temp, concentration of substrate, cofactors, coenzyme, activators, inhibitors	19
8213853206	Chemiosmosis	the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work	20
8213853207	Photophosphorylation	The production of ATP by chemiosmosis during the light reactions of photosynthesis.	21
8213853208	oxidative phosphorylation	The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.	22
8213853209	photosystem	A cluster of pigments embedded into a thylakoid membrane.	23
8213853210	spores	Produced by meiosis. Grow into haploid organisms by mitosis.	24
8213853211	Tetrads	the paired chromosomes consisting of four chromatids	25
8213853212	gametophyte	The stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells.	26
8213853213	sporophyte	Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism. Makes haploid spores by meiosis.	27
8213853214	alternation of generation	the alternation between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte in a plant's life cycle	28
8213853215	Which photosystem has circular electron flow?	1	29
8213853216	Carotene	Orange	30
8213853217	Xanthophyll	Yellow	31
8213853218	chlorophyll a	blue-green	32
8213853219	chlorophyll b	green	33
8213853220	hot effects on enzyme	Denatures enzyme and distrusts hydrogen bonds of the tertiary structure	34
8213853221	Cold effects on enzyme activity	Slows for Brownian movement and reduces chances of collision	35
8213882657	M1 phase	Nuclear division, chromatids separate	36
8213882658	C phase	cytokinesis, cytoplasm divides	37
8213882659	G1 phase	stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions	38
8213882660	G2 phase	stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles	39
8213882661	S phase	The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.	40
8213894746	competitive inhibitors	Reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites.	41
8213894747	allosteric inhibitor	binds to the enzyme and induces the enzyme's inactive form	42