AP Biology Organic Chemistry Flashcards

5392334964	monomer	a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form dimers or polymers	0
5392334965	polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	1
5392334966	carbohydrate	organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; used for energy or structural support	2
5392334967	lipid	organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen & relatively few oxygen used for energy storage; include fats, oils, steroids, waxes and other nonpolar substances	3
5392334968	Protein	organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; perform many functions including growth, repair and catalysis	4
5392334969	amino acid	monomer of a protein contains an amine group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH)	5
5392334970	hydrolysis	process by which organic polymers break into monomers by the addition of a H+ and an OH- (a molecule of water)	6
5392334971	enzyme	protein that acts as a catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions in the cell	7
5392334972	Isomer	molecule with same chemical formula, but different structure and properties	8
5392334973	Hydrogen Bond	weak, noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegetive atom (O, N, F)	9
5392334974	Covalent Bond	bonding pairs that shares electrons equally	10
5392334975	Polar Covalent Bond	Bonding pairs that share electrons unequally (as in water)	11
5392334976	Buffer	Solution that resist change in pH	12
5392334977	Glucose	Simple sugar that is component of carbohydrates and is also an energy source for living organisms; C6H12O6	13
5392334978	Ion	Atom or a molecule where total number of electrons is not equal to toal number of protons. It causes atom or molecule to have either positive or negative elctrical charge.	14
5392334979	Hydrocarbons	simplest organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen	15
5392334980	ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate; energy molecule used to power cellular processes	16
5392334981	polar molecule	A molecule that has an unevenly distributed charge.	17
5392334982	aqueous solution	A solution in which water acts as a solvent	18
5392334983	hydrophilic	substance that has an affinity for water	19
5392334984	hydrophobic	substances that do not have affinity for water; nonionic or nonpolar compounds	20
5392334985	Valence Shell	The outer most shell of an atom that allows the cells to bond with one another. The first shell has a maximum of 2 and the rest have a maximum of 8 electrons.	21
5392334986	Dehydration synthesis	occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule.	22
5392334987	Functional Group	A group of atoms in an organic compound that contribute to the personality of the compound	23
5392334988	Monosaccharides	carbohydrate monomer, usually a sugar such as glucose	24
5392334989	Disaccharides	carbohydrate dimer, such as sucrose	25
5392334990	Polysaccharides	carbohydrate polymer, such as starch, glycogen, cellulose or chitin	26
5392334991	Acid	solution which contains more H+ ions than OH-; has a pH < 7	27
5392334992	Basic	solution which contains more OH- ions than H+; has a pH > 7	28
5392334993	Catalyst	substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not changed during the reaction	29
5392334994	Glycogen	carbohydrate polymer found in animals composed of bonded glucose molecules	30
5392334995	organic compound	Compound that contains carbon and hydrogen	31
5392334996	macromolecules	organic polymer	32
5392334997	starch	carbohydrate polymer found in plants; composed of bonded glucose molecules	33
5392334998	Cellulose	Polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	34
5392334999	Chitin	polysaccharide that makes up the shells and exoskeletons of some animals and the cell walls of fungi	35
5392335000	fatty acid	subunit of triglycerides composed of long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogens	36
5392335001	phospholipid	amphiphatic lipid that composes most of the cell membrane	37
5392335002	Steroid	lipid made up of a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings	38
5392335003	Cholesterol	important steroid found in animal cell membranes	39
5392335004	nucleic acid	organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus which store and transmit genetic information	40