Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards

9603725487	Inflammatory Response	Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature	0
9603725488	Histamines	chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area and cause inflammation.	1
9603725489	Phagocytes	White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages	2
9603725490	Chemokines	chemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area	3
9603725491	Specific immunity	B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response	4
9603725492	Lymphocyte	White blood cell	5
9603725493	B Cells	Humoral response by producing antibodies; activated by T cells or free antigens	6
9603725494	T Cells	Cell-mediated response, stimulating by APCs (antigen presenting cells)	7
9603725495	Helper T Cell	Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC	8
9603725496	Cytotoxic T Cell	Kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells	9
9603725497	Macrophages	APC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells	10
9603725498	Interleukin 1	Chemokine secreted by a macrophage after it engulfs and presents antigens on its surface; activates helper T cells	11
9603725499	Interleukin 2	Chemokine that stimulates B cells to become active antibody-secreting plasma cells; released by helper T cell	12
9603725500	MHC I	molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy	13
9603725501	MHC II	molecules found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells; signal helper T cells	14
9603725502	Memory Cells	Responsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection	15
9603725503	Antibody	Y-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction	16
9603725504	Antigen	Identifying marker on the outside of a pathogen	17
9603725505	Passive Immunity	Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child	18
9603725506	HIV	A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells	19
9603725507	Autoimmune disease	A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself	20
9603725508	Allergy	Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine	21
9603725509	Dendritic Cells	During primary immune responses, the principle antigen-presenting cells in the lymph nodes	22
9603725510	Innate Immunity	General, non-specific protection to the body, including the skin (barrier), gastric acid, phagocytes, and lysozyme.	23
9603725511	Effector Cell	Short-lived lymphocyte such as a B cell or cytotoxic T lymphocyte that can take immediate action against an antigen.	24
9603725512	Natural Killer Cells	A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity.	25
9603725513	Mast Cells	Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.	26
9603725514	Humoral Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.	27
9603725515	Cell-mediated Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells.	28
9603725516	Neutrophils	The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their lifespan to a few days. (aka: Pus)	29