AP US History Chapter 9 Flashcards
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| 5463588673 | Changes within society in the pursuit of equality | - Changed forenames to Mr. and Mrs. - Master replaced with boss - Not many indentured servants - No primogeniture | 0 | |
| 5463588674 | Society of the Cincinatti | Lordly pretensions of the Continental Army officers who formed a hereditary order | 1 | |
| 5463588675 | Disestablished | Anglican church was reformed and was named Protestant Episcopal Church and disestablished as the official religion | 2 | |
| 5463588676 | Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | Religious freedom in Virginia - Established by Thomas Jefferson | 3 | |
| 5463588677 | Abolitionist movements | - Continental Congress abolished it with a positive response - No states south of Pennsylvania abolished slavery - discrimination continued - Any major abolitionist movement would have disrupted unity that was already fragile | 4 | |
| 5463588678 | Women's "rights" | - New Jersey allowed women to vote for a short time - Some disguised as men and served in the army - Generally didn't have many rights | 5 | |
| 5463588679 | Civic virtue | - Democracy depended on the unselfish commitment of each citizen to the public good - Mothers spread this to children | 6 | |
| 5463588680 | Republican motherhood | - Mothers taught their children civic virtue early on - People realized women were important and extended education to them | 7 | |
| 5463588681 | Constitution making in the states - what did Congress call for? | Called for colonies to rewrite their Constitutions - not everybody did it | 8 | |
| 5463588682 | Massachusetts process for making a new state Constitution | - When made - given to the people for ratification - Once adopted, only another specially called constitutional convention could change things - Future process | 9 | |
| 5463588683 | Similarities among state constitutions | - Defined government with authority from the people - Documents required annual elections - A bill of rights - A weak judiciary - Little executive power - Legislature had too much power | 10 | |
| 5463588684 | Result of the loyalist estates | They were cut up into smaller pieces -> spread economic democracy | 11 | |
| 5463588685 | Nonimportation agreement effects on jobs | It stimulated *manufacturing* because there was a higher need for things that were originally supplied by England - *agriculture* was still the *leading* industry | 12 | |
| 5463588686 | Positives and negatives of trading | (+) Could trade freely with other countries (+) More items to be traded (-) Couldn't trade with Britain or British West Indies (-) Commercial outlets may have local restrictions | 13 | |
| 5463588687 | Economic and social atmosphere at the time | - Rich profiteers present more so than before - The previously rich were left destitute - General disrespect for the majesty of the law | 14 | |
| 5463588688 | Issues with making a new government | - No more Tories, which meant no more conservatives to balance and help with government - Patriots didn't have a common cause anymore - Hard to start a new government from scratch | 15 | |
| 5463588689 | What did Britain do to American markets other than cut it off? | They flooded it with lowered prices for goods that would cost more locally made | 16 | |
| 5463588690 | Positives of making a new government | - Functioned under similar constitutions - Political inheritance from Britain - High order leaders | 17 | |
| 5463588691 | Articles of Confederation | - First governing document of the US - Lacked strong central government - Needed 13 states to ratify - Translated into French to show they had a government | 18 | |
| 5463588692 | When was the Articles of Confederation ratified (before what event)? | 8 months before the victory at Yorktown... coincidence? | 19 | |
| 5463588693 | States that had land West of mountains - characteristics | - Seven did - Didn't have to tax heavily - Pay off debt faster - Land-rich | 20 | |
| 5463588694 | States that *didn't* have land West of mountains - characteristics | - Had to tax more heavily - Took longer to pay off tax - Main reason states refused to sign the AOC | 21 | |
| 5463588695 | Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation | - Can't maintain armies without Congress' approval - Unanimous agreement needed to get articles passed - 9/13 needed for bills to be passed - One vote for each colony regardless of size - States collect the tax, give money to federal government - *usually "lost"* - No executive branch or strong court system - Congress was intentionally weak | 22 | |
| 5463588696 | Why did most states have to join the Union? | They couldn't get advantages of new land sales and couldn't "exist" without them | 23 | |
| 5463588697 | Pioneers going West to get land | - Got land from government (directly or indirectly) - Looked at national capital for "guidance" -> weakened local power - Uniform land policy made possible | 24 | |
| 5463588698 | Issues with Congress | 1) No power to regulate commerce - different tariffs and navigation laws created by different states to attract money 2) No tax collection - *asked* them to contribute but usually only got 1/4 if lucky | 25 | |
| 5463588699 | 1783 - march to Pennsylvania | - Pennsylvania soldiers marched to Independence Hall - Members had to ask state for protection - Fled to Princeton | 26 | |
| 5463588700 | Result of having a federation instead of a *con*federation | Needed to recast local government free to control all domestic affairs | 27 | |
| 5463588701 | Old Northwest |  | 28 | |
| 5463588702 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | - Acreage of the Old Northwest should be sold and that the proceeds should be used to pay off national debt - Land surveyed by six square miles per area - 16th district was for education |  | 29 |
| 5463588703 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | - Created the Northwest Territory - Allowed an area to be a state when it had 60,000 people in it - Prohibited slavery | 30 | |
| 5463588704 | Lord Sheffield | Englishman who declared that Britain shouldn't have to try to get America to trade with them; commerce would follow old channels naturally | 31 | |
| 5463588705 | British in America | - Trading posts with fur trade by redcoats - The main purpose - keep Natives allied on attack on the USA | 32 | |
| 5463588706 | Americans wanted ______ on British Parliament. Why? | trade restrictions - because they were restricting their trade vice versa, but Congress couldn't control commerce | 33 | |
| 5463588707 | Spanish in America | - Closed Mississippi River in 1784 to Americans - Got land given to US - Schemed with the Natives | 34 | |
| 5463588708 | French in America | demanded repayment of money loaned | 35 | |
| 5463588709 | Dey of Algiers | North African pirates - Destroyed commerce and enslaved Yankees - Yankees came and forged British papers to pretend they were Britain | 36 | |
| 5463588710 | Issues with some states in the mid 1780s | - Some states refused to pay anything - Boundary issues caused minor battles, and there was no judicial branch - Making paper money - some states sanctioned making it | 37 | |
| 5463588711 | Shays' Rebellion | - West Massachusetts in 1786 - Backcountry farmers were losing property because of foreclosure and tax delinquencies - Captain Daniel Shays - leader - Wanted paper money, lighter taxes, and suspend property takeovers - Massachusetts made a small army in order to defend against them | 38 | |
| 5463588712 | Results of Shays' Rebellion | - Massachusetts passed debtor relief laws - Caused fear among elites - Created a mobocracy - civic virtue became insignificant *-Showed that America needed a strong central government that was not provided by the AOC* | 39 | |
| 5463588713 | Biggest issue at the time | Controlling commerce | 40 | |
| 5463588714 | Annapolis Convention | - Met because of controlling commerce - Virginia called for a meeting in Annapolis - 5 state reps - Alexander Hamilton called for a convention in Philadelphia the following year - Congress called a convention to *revise* A.O.C. | 41 | |
| 5463588715 | Constitutional Convention | - All states chose representatives by state legislatures and people — except Rhode Island - Met in secrecy in 1787 - Sentinels outside - Made men drop personal pursuits and focus on the country's needs - GW became chairman | 42 | |
| 5463588716 | James Madison's nickname | "Father of the Constitution" | 43 | |
| 5463588717 | Goals of the Constitutional Convention | - Wanted a firm, dignified, and respected government - Wanted to preserve the union - Forestall anarchy - Ensure security of life and property against dangerous uprisings by the mobocracy | 44 | |
| 5463588718 | What did the Constitutional Convention do with the Articles of Confederation (AOC)? | Scraped it completely | 45 | |
| 5463588719 | Virginia Plan | Known as large-state plan - Both houses of Congress should be based on population - Gave big states the advantage | 46 | |
| 5463588720 | New Jersey Plan | Known as the small-state plan - Equal representation of a one-branched Congress regardless of size and population - Feared larger states would override them | 47 | |
| 5463588721 | The Great Compromise | Known as the Connecticut Compromise - House of Representatives - representative assembly based on the number of districts in a state (all tax bills must originate from here - population counted more heavily) - Senate - Two representatives from each state | 48 | |
| 5463588722 | Common Law | Unnecessary to be specific about every conceivable detail | 49 | |
| 5463588723 | Civil Law | Elaborate lengthy legal codes | 50 | |
| 5463588724 | The new Constitution provided for an __________ branch | executive | 51 | |
| 5463588725 | Difference between powers of war in the president and Congress | President could wage war, but Congress could declare war | 52 | |
| 5463588726 | Electoral College | "a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president" - Large states had advantage in first round of popular voting - Small states would get a larger voice if no candidate got majority of electoral votes and given to House of Representatives | 53 | |
| 5463588727 | Three-Fifths Compromise | - South wanted slaves to be voters - North didn't and would logically require more representation - Slaves would count as 3/5 of a person | 54 | |
| 5463588728 | Agreements that were mutual among states | - Demanded established money and private property - Strong government with three branches and having checks & balances - Suffrage for men | 55 | |
| 5463588729 | Safeguards for conservatism | - Barriers and safeguards against the mob - President indirectly elected by Electoral College - Senators were indirectly chosen by state legislatures - Judges appointed for life - Only House of Reps was direct | 56 | |
| 5463588730 | End of Constitutional Convention | - 17 weeks - Feared if the Constitution would be acceptable to the country | 57 | |
| 5463588731 | How many states needed to ratify the Constitution for it to be accepted? Why | 9/13 because the Framers foresaw that hesitant states wouldn't comply | 58 | |
| 5463588732 | Antifederalists | - Consisted of poorer people, like debtors who feared to pay back all of their money - Opposed stronger federal government - Freedom of individuals was compromised, wanted annual elections, no standing army, feared no ref. to God, and disliked the ratification of 2/3 states needed | 59 | |
| 5463588733 | Federalists | - Favored stronger federal government - Wealthier, more organized, and had the press on their side - 100+ newspapers, only 12 supported anti-feds | 60 | |
| 5463588734 | Massachusetts in the ratification of the Constitution | - Originally majority antifederalist - Feds assured Bill of Rights to Constitution - Ratification - 187 to 168 | 61 | |
| 5463588735 | New Hampshire in the ratification of the Constitution | - Originally anti fed - Feds arranged an adjournment and won waverers | 62 | |
| 5463588736 | Virginia in the ratification of the Constitution | - Fierce antifederalist opposition - Strong leaders influenced them - New Hampshire was about to ratify, so the Union would be made anyway - couldn't continue as independent - 89-79 ratification | 63 | |
| 5463588737 | New York in the ratification of the Constitution | - Anti-fed majority convention - Articles used as propaganda - State couldn't prosper without the Union - 30-27 - Approved 32 proposed amendments | 64 | |
| 5463588738 | North Carolina in the ratification of the Constitution | Adjourned convention without a vote | 65 | |
| 5463588739 | Rhode Island in the ratification of the Constitution | Didn't even call a convention and rejected it popularly | 66 | |
| 5463588740 | T/F: All white males voted | False, only about 1/4 | 67 | |
| 5463588741 | The Federalist | A book with Adams, Madison, and Jay's influential propaganda writings promoting the ratification of the Constitution | 68 | |
| 5463588742 | Slave Trade Compromise | Slave trade can continue slave trade until the end of 1807 - Meant slaves increase more by procreation | 69 | |
| 5463588743 | The Elastic Clause | Congress shall have the power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers | 70 | |
| 5463588744 | Why did anti-feds later adopt the Constitution? | The Federalists promised to add a Bill of Rights | 71 | |
| 5463588745 | Bicameral | Having two branches of a type of government | 72 | |
| 5463588746 | Unicameral | Having one branch of a type of government | 73 |