AP US History - The Great Depression Flashcards
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| 6391212134 | Explain reasons why stock market boomed during 1920s | -Investment in US business -speculation(fast way to make $) -Buy on margin(loan) - only pay 10% for stocks and borrow the rest | 0 | |
| 6391212135 | Explain the reasons why the stock market crashed | - over supply and little demand - Margin calls - can't pay back loans - Govt. is laissez fair (leave business alone) - uneven distribution of wealth | 1 | |
| 6391212136 | Year stock market crashed and the nickname given to the day | 1929; Black Thursday | 2 | |
| 6391212137 | The impact the depression had on industry | - productivity went down - employment went down | 3 | |
| 6391212138 | Rate of employment among the general population | 25% or 1 in 4 | 4 | |
| 6391212139 | Explain impact Depression had on banks | They close down and run out of $ due to banking panic(people withdrew $ and banks didn't have enough $to pay back) | 5 | |
| 6391212140 | What happened in mid-west during Depression | Dust Bowl - causes were drought, overuse of land --People go to CA | 6 | |
| 6391212141 | Impact the Depression had on structure and emotions of families | Divorce went down Birth rate went down unemployed fathers felt shame | 7 | |
| 6391212142 | How Depression affected working women | Disliked for taking men's jobs | 8 | |
| 6391212143 | How Depression affected African Americans | "Last to be hired, first to be fired." --50% unemployed | 9 | |
| 6391212144 | Thoughts of John Maynard Keynes | Economist who believed govt. should put money in business (became known as "Trickle Down Theory") | 10 | |
| 6391212145 | Laissez- Faire | Govt. leaves business alone to fix itself | 11 | |
| 6391212146 | Thought of American Communist Party | Govt. should own business | 12 | |
| 6391212147 | American Socialist Party | Believe people should own business | 13 | |
| 6391212148 | Hoover's popular confident quote and his idea of what people needed to be | "prosperity is just around the corner" --Rugged individualism (be an independent tough guy) | 14 | |
| 6391212149 | Hoover's ideas of govt. responsibility. | Does not believe in direct aid for American people(aka welfare or dole) Thinks people will take advantage of it | 15 | |
| 6391212150 | Federal Farm Board | helps stabilize crop pricing-- govt. buys up surplus crops | 16 | |
| 6391212151 | Reconstruction Finance corporation | Govt. loans to banks and state and local govts. | 17 | |
| 6391212152 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff and was it successful | Raised tariff so people buy US goods Unsuccessful because it backfires when Europe raises their tariff and stops buying US goods | 18 | |
| 6391212153 | Moratorium Policy | Put suspension on debt repayments so other countries will do same for US | 19 | |
| 6391212154 | Explain what Hoover asked businesses to do | maintain employment and wages (not creating a minimum wage, just asking) Not enforced so it doesn't work | 20 | |
| 6391212155 | Events of the Bonus Army | Bonus army= WWI veterans They want a bonus they were promised but they want it early so they march on Washington demanding it but are denied--they don't leave after being denied and are finally violently forced away | 21 | |
| 6391212156 | Hoover's legacy in history | Blamed for Depression --anything negative got his name attached ex. Hoovervilles | 22 | |
| 6391212157 | Identify social values that were portrayed in movies during the Depression | -rugged individualism -cooperation(helping each other) -socialism | 23 | |
| 6391212158 | Explain why movies were popular and which types of movies were popular during the depression | They were popular because they were cheap and were a way to forget your problems type=gangster movies(rugged individualism and cooperation) | 24 | |
| 6391212159 | Explain the plot of the film "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington" and identify social value it portrayed | Rugged Individualism | 25 | |
| 6391212160 | "Gone With the Wind" social value | Cooperation | 26 | |
| 6391212161 | "The Wizard of Oz" Social value | Cooperation | 27 | |
| 6391212162 | Candidates and parties in 1932 election | Franklin Roosevelt - Democrat Hoover - Republican | 28 | |
| 6391212163 | What FDR promised America in nomination speech | A New Deal | 29 | |
| 6391212164 | FDRs Coalition(Supporters) | minorities... - African Americans - Blue Collar(manual labor workers) - Poor Farmers - Jews - Catholics | 30 | |
| 6391212165 | Who won 1932 election and why | Roosevelt - New Deal promise | 31 | |
| 6391212166 | FDRs Inaugural address | "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself" (Means fear paralyzes us and stops change from happening) Foolish optimist= Hoover --Says achievement makes people feel good and worthy --Regulation of banks and stock market is needed to prevent another depression | 32 | |
| 6391212167 | Emergency Banking Relief Act | Closed all banks (bank holiday) so govt could investigate and reopen safe banks | 33 | |
| 6391212168 | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | govt insures people's deposits | 34 | |
| 6391212169 | Farm Credit Administration | low interest loans for farmers | 35 | |
| 6391212170 | Public Works Administration | gave $ to state and local govts to build projects that provided jobs | 36 | |
| 6391212171 | Tennessee Valley Authority | provided jobs in electricity by damming up Tennessee valley | 37 | |
| 6391212172 | Civilian Conservation Corps | gave jobs in land projects (conservation) | 38 | |
| 6391212173 | Works Progress Administration | Gave jobs in construction and the arts | 39 | |
| 6391212174 | Civil Works Administration | gave jobs in construction | 40 | |
| 6391212175 | Federal Emergency Relief Administration | Federal govt gave $ to state and local govt to help the needy (now known as welfare) | 41 | |
| 6391212176 | Resettlement Administration | govt gives loans to farmers to buy home and it established camps for migrant workers | 42 | |
| 6391212177 | Agricultural Adjustment Act(SECURITIES AND BUSINESS) | Securities - help farmers pay off mortgages Business - encourages/pays farmers to reduce production so prices go up and money can be made(ruled unconstitutional) | 43 | |
| 6391212178 | Home Owner's Loan Corporation | Helps non-farmers w home loans | 44 | |
| 6391212179 | Federal Housing Administration | provided loans to home owners for improvement or building new homes | 45 | |
| 6391212180 | Social Securities Act | assistance to those who are retired, handicapped, and dependence(child) | 46 | |
| 6391212181 | Securities and Exchange Commission | regulates stock market - looks for fraud/corruption including inside trading | 47 | |
| 6391212182 | National Recovery Administration | set fair wages, hours, and prices --Business that support it get to display "Blue eagle" --Ruled unconstitutional | 48 | |
| 6391212183 | National Labor Relations Act(Wagner Act) | protects rights of workers to laborize union --legalizes unions and makes yellow dog contracts illegal | 49 | |
| 6391212184 | Fair Labor Standard Act | minimum wage established | 50 | |
| 6391212185 | Why labor unions increased in popularity during depression | they protect workers | 51 | |
| 6391212186 | 2 major labor unions | 1. American Federation of Labor(skilled) 2. Congress of Industrial Organization(unskilled) | 52 | |
| 6391212187 | Why and how FDR wanted to reorganize the Supreme Court and what resulted | He was mad they kept ruling things unconstitutional --plan=wants to be allowed to appoint a new judge for every current judge over 70 Result= no one agrees and he is seen as trying to be a dictator | 53 | |
| 6391212188 | Why businesses opposed the New Deal | Don't like being regulated | 54 | |
| 6391212189 | Why communists and socialists opposed the New Deal | Believe FDR isn't going far enough | 55 | |
| 6391212190 | Charles Coughlin and his ideas | "Radio Priest" -advocated for "Social justice"--wants govt to take over banks and equal distribution of wealth --ruined career by saying anti-jew comments | 56 |