AP US History - Tariffs Flashcards
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| 6140152637 | Tariff of 1789 | Mainly for revenue; some protection for "infant industries" (Washington). | 0 | |
| 6140157336 | Tariff of 1816 | First protective tariff; Clay and Calhoun supported it as part of the American System; Southern cotton growers opposed it (Madison). | 1 | |
| 6140164537 | Tariff of 1824 | Raised tariff rates; opposition from South grew (Monroe). | 2 | |
| 6140169452 | Tariff of Abominations (1828) | Protective measures for New England mills; Southerners outraged (Adams). | 3 | |
| 6140175733 | Tariff of 1832 | Moderate reform returned rates to 1824 levels; South Carolina was unmoved and started Nullification Crisis (Jackson). | 4 | |
| 6140181289 | Tariff of 1833 | Clay compromise; gradual reduction of rates over time to 1816 levels; New England states opposed it (Jackson). | 5 | |
| 6140192472 | Tariff of 1842 | Tariffs raised following the Panic of 1837 (Tyler). | 6 | |
| 6140199184 | Walker Tariff (1846) | West supported tariff reduction in hope of selling grain abroad (Polk). | 7 | |
| 6140203224 | Tariff of 1857 | Tariff lowered to almost free-trade status; North opposed it (Buchanan). | 8 | |
| 6140208170 | Wartime Tariff Acts (1861-1865) | Increased protectionism to fund Union war costs (Buchanan/Lincoln). | 9 | |
| 6140210736 | Tariff of 1872 | Reduced rates on some manufactured goods (Grant). | 10 | |
| 6140213073 | Tariff of 1875 | Average rates reduced by 10 percent (Grant). | 11 | |
| 6140217132 | Mongrel Tariff (1883) | Republicans abandoned reform; compromise satisfied no one (Arthur). | 12 | |
| 6140219966 | McKinley Tariff (1890) | Highest protective tariff to date; averaged 48 percent (Harrison). | 13 | |
| 6140223464 | Wilson-Gorman Act (1894) | Reform measure crippled by Senate amendments (Cleveland). | 14 | |
| 6140227289 | Dingley Tariff (1897) | Blatantly protective measure; some rates set at 57 percent (McKinley). | 15 | |
| 6140234445 | Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909) | Attempted to lower duties; little effect; Progressives angered (Taft). | 16 | |
| 6140237956 | Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1913) | General duty reduction was soon negated by outbreak of WWI; federal income tax provision made (Wilson). | 17 | |
| 6140241435 | Emergency Tariff (1921) | Republican response to mini-depression; raised agricultural rates to protect farmers; only a stopgap measure (Harding). | 18 | |
| 6140248666 | Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922) | Increased rates sharply; President empowered to adjust rates; Tariff Commission created to advise the President (Harding). | 19 | |
| 6140260040 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) | Raised U.S. duties to an all-time high; foreign retaliation (Hoover). | 20 | |
| 6140264944 | Hull Trade Pacts (1934) | Reciprocal treaties to reduce tariffs and stimulate trade (FDR). | 21 | |
| 6140266682 | GATT (1948) | United Nations organization created to seek tariff reductions (Truman). | 22 | |
| 6140276564 | Trade Expansion Act (1962) | President received authority to negotiate tariff reductions up to 50 percent; aimed primarily at EEC (Kennedy). | 23 | |
| 6140285648 | Kennedy (1963-1967) | Round GATT talks for a 33 percent tariff reduction with Western Europe (Johnson). | 24 | |
| 6140290053 | Tokyo (1973-1979) | Round GATT talks regarding non-tariff trade barriers; included non-GATT members (Nixon). | 25 | |
| 6140293605 | Trade Act of 1974 | President allowed to end tariffs aimed at developing nations (Ford). | 26 | |
| 6140297125 | NAFTA (1993) | U.S., Canada and Mexico removed most trade barriers (Clinton). | 27 | |
| 6140299698 | WTO (1994) | New GATT agreement; World Trade Organization formed (Clinton). | 28 |