AP US History Period 4 (1800-1848) General Terminology Flashcards

5467879611	interchangeable parts	Parts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another; developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets; became a hallmark of the American factory system	0
5467879613	turnpike	A road in which tolls were collected at gates set up along the road	1
5467879630	tariff	A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers.	2
5467879634	sectionalist	Person devoted to the cause of a particular section of the country (usually North or South), as opposed to the nation as a whole	3
5467879635	embargo	A government order prohibiting commerce in or out of a port	4
5467879636	nationalism	A strong devotion to the nation as the central political entity, often in a narrow or aggressive fashion; usually involves feelings of superiority over other nations or ideaologies	5
5467879637	internal improvements	The basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development.	6
5467879638	depression	In economics, a severe and often prolonged period of declining economic activity, rising unemployment, and falling wages and prices.	7
5467879639	boom	In economics, a period of sudden, spectacular expansion of business activity or prices.	8
5467879640	constituents	The body of voters or supporters in a district, regarded as a group.	9
5467879641	hard money	Gold and Silver coins, as distinguished from paper money.	10
5467879642	deference	The yielding of opinion to the judgment of someone else.	11
5467879643	subversive	Tending to corrupt, overthrow, or destroy something established.	12
5467879644	puritanical	Extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals or religion.	13
5467879645	usurpation	The act of seizing, occupying, or enjoying the place, power, or functions of someone without right.	14
5467879646	mudslinging	Malicious, unscrupulous attacks against an opponent.	15
5467879647	machine	A political organization, often controlled through patronage or spoils.	16
5467879649	incumbent	The person currently holding an office.	17
5467879650	impost	A tax, particularly a tariff or duty on imported goods.	18
5467879651	appeasement	The policy of giving in to demands of a hostile of dangerous power in hope of avoiding conflict.	19
5467879652	prejudice	Unreasonable suspicion, bias, or hatred directed at members of a group.	20
5467879653	ritual	A set form or system of ceremonies, often but not necessarily religious.	21
5467879654	evangelical	Concerning religious belief, commonly Protestant, that emphasizes personal salvation, individual and voluntary religious commitment, and the authority of Scripture.	22
5467879655	platform	A statement of the principles or positions of a political party.	23
5467879656	denominations	In American religion, the major branches of Christianity, organized into separate national churches structures; e.g., Presbyterians, Baptists, Disciples of Christ.	24
5467879657	prolific	Producing a large number of something.	25
5467879658	temperance	Moderation, or sometimes total abstinence, as regards drinking alcohol.	26
5467879659	nativist	One who advocates favoring native-born citizens over aliens or immigrants.	27
5467879660	factory	An establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery.	28
5467879661	liability	Legal responsibility for loss or damage.	29
5467879662	incorporation	The formation of individuals into a legally organized group, usually a business.	30
5467879663	labor union	An organization of workers—usually wage-earning workers—to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers.	31
5467879664	strike	An organized work stoppage by employees in order to obtain better wages, working conditions, and so on.	32
5467879665	capitalist	An individual or group who uses private property to produce goods for profit in an open market.	33
5467879666	posterity	Later descendants or subsequent generations.	34
5467879667	productivity	In economics, the relative capacity to produce goods and services, measured in terms of the number of workers and machines needed to create goods in a certain length of time.	35
5467879668	transient	Referring to a person without a fixed or long-term home or job; a migrant.	36
5467879669	polygamy	The practice or condition of having two or more spouses at one time.	37
5467879670	theocracy	Literally, rule by God, the term is often applied to a state where religious leaders exercise direct or indirect political authority.	38
5467879671	zealot	One who is carried away by a cause to an extreme or excessive degree.	39
5467879672	communistic	Referring to the theory or practice in which the means of production are owned by the community as a whole.	40
5467879673	nonconformist	One who refuses to follow established or conventional ideas or habits; often referred to as part of a "counter-culture".	41
5467879674	providence (providencial)	Under the care and direction of God or other benevolent natural or supernatural forces.	42