AP US History Period 3, 1754-1800 Flashcards

4964026309	Seven Years' (French and Indian) War	fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies	0
4964026310	"No Taxation Without Representation."	a phrase, generally attributed to James Otis about 1761, that reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution; in full, "Taxation without representation is tyranny.".	1
4964026313	The Patriot Movement	Movement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists."	2
4964026314	Colonial Militias	Groups of able-bodied colonialist men without proper military training that banded together to revolt against British tyrannny.	3
4964026317	Common Sense	Pamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Used plain language to appeal to the average colonist. First work to ask for independence outright.	4
4964026318	The Declaration of Independence	the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting atPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule.	5
4964026323	The Articles of Confederation	An agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America.	6
4964026327	The Federalist Papers	a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.	7
4964026330	Bill of Rights	the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution that provide guarantees of personal freedoms and rights and clear limitations on the government's power.	8
4964026333	The Northwest Ordinance	Legislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation that provided a process for admission of new states to the Union and outlawed the expansion of slavery into territories governed by the Ordinance.	9
4964026335	Popular Sovereignty	the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people	10
4964026343	admiralty courts	In British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury.	11
4964026344	virtual representation	The political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote. Parliament represented all British subjects even those who had never voted for a member of Parliament.	12
4964026345	nonimportation agreement	A pledge to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad.	13
4964026349	boycott	An organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product.	14
4964026352	mercenary	A professional soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay.	15
4964026353	indictment	A formal written accusation charging someone with a crime.	16
4964026363	privateer	A private vessel temporarily authorized to capture or plunder enemy ships in wartime.	17
4964026377	Anarchy	The theory that formal government is unnecessary and wrong in principle; the term is also used generally for lawlessness or anti-governmental disorder.	18
4964026382	cabinet	The body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments.	19
4964026394	nullification	In American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty.	20
4964209159	Royal Veto	British crown could nullify any legislation passed by the colonial assemblies if they interfered with mercantilism	21
4964214022	Internal taxation	taxes on personal goods and property	22
4964226386	External taxation	taxes applied to imports into the colonies. The merchant importing the good paid the tax.	23
4964232262	Sons of Liberty	A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used both peaceful and violent means of protest	24
4964242702	Navigation Acts	Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. T	25
4964264215	Sugar Act	placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies	26
4964276484	Quartering Act	Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.	27
4964281654	Stamp Act	law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.	28
4964286671	Declaratory Act	Act passed in 1766 after the repeal of the stamp act; stated that Parliament had authority over the the colonies and the right to tax and pass legislation "in all cases whatsoever."	29
4964293544	Townshend Acts	A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea that was imported into the colonies	30
4964312668	Admiralty Courts	British courts originally established to try cases involving smuggling or violations of the Navigation Acts which the British government sometimes used to try American criminals in the colonies. Trials were heard by judges without a jury.	31
4964325850	Intolerable Acts	in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses	32
4964329118	Loyalist	An American colonist who supported the British in the American Revolution.	33
4964334442	Hessians	German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty.	34
4964341581	Mercenaries	professional soldiers who fight for anyone who will pay them.	35
4964348460	mobocracy	Lawless control of public affairs by the populace.	36
4964354935	Federation	union of organizations; union of several states, each of which retains local power	37
4964361335	Republicanism	A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.	38
4964370095	Great Compromise	Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature (Senate) and representation based on population in the other house (House of Representatives)	39
4964374971	Confederation	an alliance of independent states	40
4964382695	Three Fifths Compromise	Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention as to how the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.	41
4964395383	Anti-federalist	A group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a strong central government but supported more states' rights.	42
4964422101	Shay's Rebellion	Attacks on courthouses by a group of farmers to block foreclosure proceedings	43
4964443743	Federalist	Supporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government.	44
4964449948	Implied powers	Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution	45
4964460688	Whiskey Rebellion	Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey; the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion; showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem	46
4964469956	Jeffersonian Republicans	favored a weak central government, strong state governments. opposed a national bank and protective tariffs.	47
4964480254	Judiciary Act of 1789	established a Supreme Court and district courts	48
4964493981	Alien and Sedition Acts	A series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies	49
4964501334	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	these maintained that the Alien and Sedition Acts passed by Congress went beyond the powers that the Constitution stated belonged to the federal government.	50