AP Us History: Chapter 4- The Empire in Transition Flashcards

7287045344	French- Indian trade networks		0
7287045345	American Indian autonomy		1
7287046499	Local self- rule	The local small land-owners who wanted to rule amongst themselves.	2
7287047397	Enlightenment ideas ( of government)		3
7287047398	Colonial independence movement	The move the colonist created to have independence from Great Britain.	4
7287049144	Direct (vs. "virtual" ) representation	Also known as "direct tax" direct was the British imposed tax that was directly on the colonies. This tax was in order to raise revenue; and example was the Stamp Act who gave direct tax on the colonies. Meanwhile "virtual" representation claimed that Parliament represented all the British subject, including the people in the colonies who've never voted.	5
7287050076	Individual talent vs Hereditary privledge		6
7287050077	Popular movement ( political activism)		7
7287050762	Patriot movement		8
7287051500	Democratic and republican ideals of the American Revolution		9
7287051501	Natural rights		10
7287052470	Rights of British subjects		11
7287052471	Thomas Paine's Common Sense		12
7287054235	Rights of the individual		13
7287054236	Declaration of Independence	Statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress in the Pennsylvania State House on July 4, 1776. In this statement, it announced that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as independent from Great Britian.	14
7287055253	Loyalist opposition		15
7287055254	Patriot cause		16
7287056377	Enroachment on Tribal lands		17
7287057460	"No taxation without representation"	A saying used by colonist in order to protest the Stamp Act of 1765. The colonist said they had no one representing them in Parliament, so it wasn't okay for them to tax the colonist.	18
7287057461	English Costitution		19
7287058543	John Locke	Philosopher who inspired the European Enlightenment and the Constitution of the United State. His political view was the notion of a social contract between citizen , importance of toleration ( especially in Relgion)	20
7287058544	Metacomet Lord North		21
7287059361	Minutemen	A group of soldiers during the American Revolution whose duty was to be ready to fight anyone right away ( in 1 minute).	22
7287059362	March of the Paxton Boys		23
7287072731	Albany Plan	A plan submitted by Ben Franklin in which colonial delegates (Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, New England) met in Albany, New York. This plan was issues in around the time of the French and Indian War. Franklin's plan was for the colonies to unify with one another, because of the threats between the French and Native Americans. Although the delegates approves, the colonies had rejected because they were fearful in losing their power.	24
7287072732	Benjamin Franklin	One of the Founding Fathers of the US. He played a major role in the American Enlightenment due to his history of physics and his discoveries and theories about electricity. In addition, he sought a campaign for colonial unity and was the spokesman in London for several colonies.	25
7287073322	Boston Massacre	Occuring on March 15, 1770 in Boston, Massachusetts, it was when British soldiers had fired into a group of colonist because they were mocking them by throwing rocks and snowballs at the soldiers. This caused franticness, as five of the colonists were killed. These colonist had blamed the British and the Songs of Liberty for the cause of this. Because of this incident, they used it as a perfect example to start the Revolution.	26
7287073323	Boston Tea Party	On December 16, 1773, three companies of fifty men had dressed up as Mohawks and went aboard to three ships, broke tea chests and threw them into the harbor.	27
7287074285	Charles Townshend	A Political figure who was in control of the British ministry. He was very flamboyant but also bit reckless. In 1767, he convinced Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts. These Acts included: 1. Disband New York Assembly until colonist agree to obey the Mutiny Act. 2. Levied new taxes (Townshend Duties) on various goods imported to the colonies from England (lead, paint, paper, tea). The Townshend Duties Act caused colonist to get upset and almost commit rebellions.	28
7287075160	Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)	All acts in 1774, created by Grenville to punish the colonist after their actions in the Boston Tea Party. First, they closed the port of Boston until colonist paid for all the tea they lost. Next, Boston had went under martial law meaning that there was less or no power in colonial assembles. Additionally, they revoked Massachusetts charter and had forbidden town meets. Lastly, Royal officials who were charged with American crimes had to be tried in England.	29
7287075161	Committess of Correspondence	A colonial organization create in 1770 who wanted to spread news of Great Britain's actions throughout the colonies. To do this, they used pamphlets and letters. It was basically TMZ for the 1770s.	30
7287078001	Creoles	A mix of white immigrants of French descent. They usually owned plantations in lower Mississippi.	31
7287078002	Currency Act	An act that prohibited colonies to print money, resulting in a decline of the value of paper money- nobody could accept it. Grenville was the one who passed this act because colonies kept facing shortages of money, making England pay debts. It also cause paper money to be eliminated from circulation.	32
7287078998	Daughters of Liberty	A organization group whose plan was to boycott all of the goods British produced. To do this, they encouraged Americans to create their clothing out of fabrics and produce their goods from anywhere other than Britain. This act would allow American colonies to become more economically independent.	33
7287078999	First Continental Congress	Created in September 5, 1774- this meetings was held to protest the Intolerable Acts. The people art of this congress had voted for the boycott of British imports. To make sure their opinion was being heard, they sent a petition to King George III. In the petition they explained that the Parliament is having an unfair taxation and judical system. Delegates from all colonies except Georgia were participants.	34
7287079024	George Grenville	Appointed by King George III, Grenville became prime minister of Britain in 1763. He create many acts to help benefit mostly the British, yet many people didn't like him.	35
7287082089	Imperial Authority		36
7287082090	Impressment		37
7287082840	Iroquois Confederacy	The Iroquois (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida ) had created an defensive alliance that had been the most powerful tribal presence in the Northeast. They had fought and won bitter wars, such as against the Hurons. When they got rid of major competitors, they create a commercial relationship with the English and Dutch along the eastern sea board.	38
7287082841	Lord North		39
7287084782	Mercy Otis Warren		40
7287084783	Mutiny Act	An act created in 1765 where colonist had to aid and maintain the British army by allowing them to stay at their houses, care for them, etc. Also known as the Quartering Act.	41
7287085405	Patrick Henry	A passionate critic who put himself in politics. He asked the House of Burgesses to put into act the most extreme proposals. He is well known for his dramatic speech to the House of Burgesses in May 1765, where we exclaim what would happen if the present policies aren't revised. Henry's resolutions included: declaring Americans same rights as English, the right to be taxed only buy representatives, Virginians not pay taxes except those voted by assembly, and anyone who advocated the right of Parliament to tax Virginans is deemed as the enemy. Since the House of Burgesses got upset, they people created print that said "Virginia Resolves" that created the impression that colonies were more militant than they actually were.	42
7287085406	Pontiac's Rebellion	An Indian Chief who led a war in the Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes Region in 1763. His actions led to the Proclamation of 1763, which made many colonist angry.	43
7287086417	Proclamation of 1763	A Proclamation created by King George the III, who closed the region west of the Appilation Mountains to any settlement by the colonists.	44
7287086418	Quebec Act	An act signed in 1774 that's object was to provide a civil government for French- speaking Roman Catholic people of Canada and Illinois. This law extended the boundraries of Quebec in order to include French communites between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. This act also granted political rights to Roman Catholics, recognized the legality of the Roman Catholic Church, within a large province.	45
7287086419	Samuel Adams	A politician who organized the first local committee of correspondence in Boston, Massachusetts in 1772. He created much propaganda over certain things such as the war.	46
7287087907	Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)	A North American war between Great Britain and France. The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.	47
7287087914	Sons of Liberty	A group who terrorized Stamp agents and effectively stopped the sea of stamps. They also intimidated those who were reluctant to boycott.	48
7287088780	Stamp Act	An Act where Parliament agreed the tax many paper materials that the colonist used ( cards, almanacs, mortagages). The colonies were very upset, so they boycotted British imports that caused them to repeal the act.	49
7287088781	Stamp Act Congress	A meeting where the delegates from the colonies formed to protest the Stamp Act (1765). They adopted a declaration of rights and sent letters of complaints to the King and Parliament.	50
7287089513	Sugar Act	Beginning in 1764, this act was an effort to pay for the British Army that was located in North America. They did this by imposing tax on sugar and other imports.	51
7287089514	Tea Act	In 1773, the act was created by Parliament in order to provide American colonies with cheap tea, but at the same time force the colonist s to admit that Parliament had the right to tax them.	52
7287091291	Townshend Duties	Acts imposed by Parliament that forced colonists to pay duties of the goods coming from England. These goods included tea and paper, which had increased the power of custom boards in the colonies to make sure the duties were paid well.	53
7287091292	Virgina Resolves		54
7287092380	William Pitt	The English Secretary of State who transformed the war effort in America by bringing it under full British control.	55
7287435050	French and Indian War	A war beginning in 1754 French against English because they both wanted control of the Ohio River Valley. The reason the British wanted to establish themselves there was due to trade with Native Americans. The French however, built forts in order to protect their trade with Indians. George Washington led the English to fight for their land in 1754. After 9 years, the English had defeated the French in 1763. This win had established England as the number one in world power.	56