AP US History Flashcards

10333865420	Columbian Exchange	the transfer of plants, animals, and disease between the American and Europe, Asia and Africa	0
10333865421	John Rolfe	married Pocahontas and started the planting of tobacco in Jamestown	1
10333865422	Hernan Cortes	Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)	2
10333865487	Peter Stuyvesant	leader of the Dutch colony New Netherland	3
10333865423	John Winthrop Jr.	First American member of the Royal Society of London	4
10333865424	Thomas Hooker	Founder of Connecticut	5
10333865425	Henry Hudson	Explored water around New York City, Hudson Bay & Hudson River.	6
10333865426	William Penn	Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)	7
10333865427	William Bradford	Governor of Plymouth Colony	8
10333865428	Samuel de Champlain	French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)	9
10333865429	Dutch West India Company	Dutch investment company formed in 1621 to develop colonies for the Netherlands in North America	10
10333865430	Mayflower	The ship that brought the Pilgrims to America	11
10333865431	Voyageurs	An adventurer who journeyed by canoe from Montréal to the interior to trade with Indians for furs.	12
10333865432	Lord Baltimore	Catholic owner of the colony of Maryland	13
10333865433	Quebec	First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain	14
10333865434	Huguenots	French Protestants influenced by John Calvin	15
10333865435	Conquistadors	Spanish conquerors	16
10333865436	Glorious Revolution	the overthrow of King James II of England	17
10333865437	Enclosure	the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers	18
10333865438	Proprietor	an owner of a store or other business	19
10333865439	Franchise	The right to vote	20
10333865440	Yeomen	Owners of small farms, that did not own slaves	21
10333865441	Massachusetts Bay Company	A group of wealthy Puritans who were granted a royal charter in 1629 to settle in Massachusetts Bay	22
10333865442	Indentured Servitude	An agreement to exchange labor for travel expenses an/or job training for a certain amount of time	23
10333865443	joint-stock company	A company in which investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of its future profits	24
10333865444	Virginia Company	Joint-stock company that established the first permanent English colony (Jamestown) in the Americas.	25
10333865445	Christopher Columbus	He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India.	26
10333865446	John Smith	English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia	27
10333865447	Pilgrims	English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620	28
10333865448	Lord Baltimore	Catholic owner of the colony of Maryland	29
10333865449	Walter Raleigh	Englishman who sponsored the failed attempt to establish an English colony at Roanoke.	30
10333865450	Bartolome de Las Casas	Dominican priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans	31
10333865451	James Oglethorpe	Founder of the Georgia Colony	32
10333865452	Acadians	French residents of Nova Scotia expelled by the British.	33
10333865453	squatter	someone who settles on land without right or title	34
10333865454	Mestizo	A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.	35
10333865455	Great Puritan Migration	Mass flight by religious dissidents from the persecutions of Archbishop Laud and Charles I	36
10333865456	Middle Passage	the voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the West Indies and later to North America	37
10333865457	Headright System	It was used as a way to attract new settlers to the region and address the labor shortage	38
10333865458	Paxton Boys	A mob of Pennsylvania frontiersmen led by the Paxtons who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians.	39
10333865459	Separatists	sub-group of the Puritans who vowed to break completely with the Church of England	40
10333865460	John Calvin	Protestant reformer who believed in predestination	41
10333865461	Old Lights vs. New Lights	The Congregationalists split, the old who didn't want to reform and the new who did reform.	42
10333865462	the "elect"	Calvinist term that means those who had been destined for eternal bliss.	43
10333865463	Protestant Reformation	A split in the church caused by corruption in the church	44
10333865464	Halfway Covenant	Offered partial membership rights to people who have not yet converted.	45
10333865465	Anne Hutchinson	American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)	46
10333865466	John Cotton/John Winthrop	Puritan preachers in the Mass. Bay, believed in the calling to do God's work on Earth	47
10333865467	Visible Saints	according to Puritans, only these individuals should be admitted to church membership	48
10333865468	Covenant	An agreement	49
10333865469	Conversion	When your life is changed by giving yourself to God	50
10333865470	Predestination	Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.	51
10333865471	Antinomianism	The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation.	52
10333865472	Quakers	Protestant reformers who believe in the equality of all people	53
10333865473	Calvinism	Religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin	54
10333865474	Puritans	Protestants in England inspired by Calvinist ideas	55
10333865475	Protestant Ethic	The work ethic the Puritans lived by, all work and no play.	56
10333865476	Institutes of the Christian Religion	This was the work by John Calvin that described to the world the ideology of John Calvin	57
10333865477	Jeremiads	New form of sermon at Puritan pulpit that scolded parishioners from their waning piety.	58
10333865478	The Great Awakening	A revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1750s	59
10333865479	Johnathan Edwards	Helped start great awakening and wrote sinners in the hands of an angry god	60
10333865480	George Whitefield	Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."	61
10333865481	Phyllis Wheatley	first African american poet, sold into slavery, raised and educated in her family, household servant	62
10333865482	John Peter Zenger	New York publisher who was taken to court for criticizing the governor of New York	63
10333865483	Crevecoeur	The man who believed that "Americans" have risen out of an ethnically mixed breed.	64
10333865484	Dominion of New England	A huge colony formed by the King of England, which included land from southern Maine to New Jersey	65
10333865485	Royal Charter	used to establish colonies under the control of the crown	66
10333865486	Spanish Armada	Large fleet of ships sent to invade England and restore Catholicism	67
10335675788	King Phillip's War	1675-1676 Native American uprising against the Puritan colonies	68
10335675789	Queen Anne's War	American phase (1702-1713) of Europe's War of the Spanish Succession	69
10335675790	King William's War	(1689-1697) First conflict between French settlers and British (American) colonists.	70
10335675791	Primogeniture	A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land.	71
10335675792	Maryland Act of Toleration	A law mandating religious tolerance for all forms of Christianity in Maryland	72
10335675793	House of Burgesses	Elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618.	73
10335675794	Fundamental Orders	1639, constitution of Connecticut in which the regime was democratically controlled by citizens	74
10335675795	Navigation Laws	laws that restricted American trade with other countries	75
10335675796	Mayflower Compact	A legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good	76
10335675797	Bible Commonwealth	name for the Massachusetts Bay colony that refers to its tax supported churches and visible saints.	77
10335675798	New England Confederation	the first significant attempt at political unity among the colonies	78
10335675799	General Court	Representative assembly of Massachusetts Bay	79
10335675800	Bacon's Rebellion	colonial rebellion against the governor of Virginia	80
10335675801	Regulator Movement	Citizens of rural South Carolina organized to combat lawlessness in the Up Country	81
10335675802	Molasses Act	Attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies	82
10335675803	Edict of Nantes	document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots	83
10335675804	War of Jenkin's Ear	(1739) Small scale clash between Britain and Spain in the Caribbean and Georgia.	84