AP US History World War 2 Flashcards

6211830887	Neutrality Act	law that kept the US out of WW2	0
6211830888	Lend Lease Act	law that said the US can give or sell arms to other nations for the protection of the US from those countries	1
6211830889	America 1st Committee	group that favored US neutrality or isolationism	2
6211830890	Fascism	form of government that glorifies the state over the individual; demands a strong central government	3
6211830891	Totalitarian State	a government that controls all aspects of the people	4
6211830892	Inflation	the rate of increase in costs	5
6211830893	Adolf Hitler	fascist chancellor of Germany; started the rise of the Nazi Party; broke the Versailles Treaty and pretty much started WW2	6
6211830894	NAZI	Nationalist Socialist German Workers' Party; party those rose to power in Germany; led by Adolf Hitler	7
6211830895	Gestapo	Hitler's personal army; would eventually become the SS	8
6211830896	Reichstag	the government building (kind of like the White House and Capitol Building combined) that Hitler attacked and got arrested	9
6211830897	Mein Kampf	Hitler's book that is titled "My Struggle"; details his beliefs and what he would do when he gets to power; illustrates his hatred of the Jews, German imperialism; every German family had a copy but never read it	10
6211830898	Enabling Act	law that gave Hitler ultimate power to disregard any and every law in order to fix the economy; his approval rate increased due to his success in boosting the economy	11
6211830899	Nuremburg Laws	laws that banned Jews from German citizenship; targets were identified (Jews had to wear the yellow Star of David)	12
6211830900	appeasement	a compromise where 1 side gets something	13
6211830901	German Soviet Non-Aggression Pact	deal between Russia and Germany that split Poland in half; Germany takes west and Russia takes east	14
6211830902	blitzkrieg	"lightning war"; tactic to go in with as much force as you can (airforce and tanks)	15
6211830903	Maginot Line	series of defenses France put up along the border of Germany; consisted of trenches and bunkers; 60% of France became occupied in less than 1 month	16
6211830904	Puppet Government	a government that is controlled by an outside force	17
6211830905	Rape of Nanking	the capital of China was invaded by the Japanese; over 50% of the people that lived there were killed either by torture, killing competitions, or rape	18
6211830906	Blockade of Japan	impact of the rape of Nanking; the US decided to impose this as well as an embargo to ensure that Japan never hit anyone else like that ever again	19
6211830907	USS Arizona	only ship in Pearl Harbor that was not able to be salvaged and repaired; 1,177 men died in this explosion; sunk in 9 minutes; bomb hit engine and artillery room	20
6211830908	Doolittle's Raid	1st US raid on Tokyo; showed the US that we were going to come back from Pearl Harbor and fight	21
6211830909	Pearl Harbor	Japan's bombing of the US Pacific Ocean naval base; hit us hardcore; December 7th, 1941	22
6211830910	Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)	program that paid factories to change to produce war products	23
6211830911	Cost Plus Program	program that paid for materials and the finished product that companies made for the war effort	24
6211830912	Ration Cards	these limited what a person could buy; this ensured that there were enough resources for the war	25
6211830913	scrap drive	people would donate their scraps of metal for the war effort	26
6211830914	victory gardens	gardens that people would grow because of the ration cards; if there was a surplus of food, they would donate the extra to the war effort	27
6211830915	GI Bill	this paid vets to go to college and would provide housing	28
6211830916	Navajo "Code Talkers"	these people would talk in the Navajo language since it was not a written language; this was useful as the Axis Powers could not translate the code	29
6211830917	Tuskegee Air Men	group of all black fighter pilots; their job was to protect big bombers; flew over 200 missions and never lost a bomber; Eleanor Roosevelt convinced her husband to put them into combat	30
6211830918	442nd Regiment	combat team that was made up of Asians that volunteered for the military to show their loyalty to America; most decorated combat team in US history; fought in Italy and France	31
6211830919	Executive Order 9066	order given by FDR that made all Japanese people live in internment camps	32
6211830920	internment camps	camps in the US designed to hold people of Japanese descent	33
6211830921	D-Day	battle on the beaches of Normandy; June 6th, 1944; largest amphibious invasion in the history of the world; also known as Operation Overlord	34
6211830922	General Eisenhower	man who planned the D-Day invsion; hand delivered several thousand letters that he personally addressed that explained to the soldiers exactly their jobs for the invasion	35
6211830923	Atlantic Sea Wall	Germany's defense wall on the French coast; 4 million land mines	36
6211830924	101st airborne	group of paratroopers that were elite; their job was to take out the German machine guns and tanks behind enemy lines	37
6211830925	Arsenal of Democracy	weapons that were used to fight the Fascists; US gave weapons to democratic nations and Russia	38
6211830926	Destroyer Deal	the deal in which the US gave 50 destroyers to Great Britain in exchange for 8 UK bases	39
6211830927	Tehran Conference	meeting between Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt; the Big 3 agreed to focus on Germany and then Japan; 1st meeting of the Big 3	40
6211830928	Battle of the Bulge	Hitler's last offensive battle; over 10,000 US troops surrendered; Patton drove over 102 miles in 2 days to help support Allied lines; Russia eventually came in and helped	41
6211830929	Yalta Conference	2nd conference of the Big 3; they decided what to do with Germany after the war; Churchill and FDR wanted to work with Germany; Stalin=burn/crush Germany; Stalin demanded a buffer between Germany and Russia, aka Poland	42
6211830930	Pottsdam Conference	last conference of the Big 3; Prime Minister Clement, President Truman, and Stalin; debated about what to do with Germany; Truman told Stalin about the nuclear bomb	43
6211830931	VE Day	May 8th, 1945; Victory in Europe Day; millions of Jews move to Israel and make it a country	44
6211830932	Nuremberg Trials	event where the Nazis (mostly concentration camp workers) were put on trial for crimes against humanity; these went on for over a year; several Nazis were executed, some committed suicide, and some escaped to Argentina	45
6211830933	Tojo	commander of all Japanese forces; tried to kill himself with an American gun and lived because an American medic saved him; later put on trial and executed; responsible for demanding the Pearl Harbor attack	46
6211830934	Douglas MacArthur	US commander of the Pacific; "We are not retreating - we are advancing in another direction" (what a lame coverup)	47
6211830935	Bataan Death March	event in which the Japanese marched US POWs to labor camps; they marched over 60 miles in the blazing Filipino summer; there were 80,000 soldiers that were captured	48
6211830936	Island hopping	the US tactic of taking over little islands bit by bit to get close enough to bomb Japan	49
6211830937	Battle of Midway	battle that was 100% naval; midway between the US and Asia; 6 months after Pearl Harbor; turning point of the war in the Pacific; US cracked the Japanese radio code; US found out about the attack on midway and sneak attacked with aircraft carriers; result was that the Japanese fleet was no longer a threat in the war	50
6211830938	Kamikaze	Japanese suicide bombers; they added extra explosives, extra gas, and carried a short sword to take their life	51
6211830939	Bonzai Charge	famous attack in which the soldiers attached bayonets and charged the enemy while yelling "Long live the Emporer!" in Japanese	52
6211830940	Iwo Jima	battle that took place on a volcanic island; Japanese hid and traveled through cave and tunnel networks; this was where the famous Flag Raising photograph was taken	53
6211830941	Marines	main US force in the Pacific; only branch that has been in every major conflict	54
6211830942	Battle of Okinawa	largest amphibious assault in the Pacific; more people were killed than Hiroshima and Nagasaki and most casualties were civilians	55
6211830943	Harry S Truman	33rd President of the US; succeeded FDR when he died; known for being a Moderate Democrat	56
6211830944	Fire bombing	tactic that is essentially napalm; US did this to Japan and ended up destroying 50% of the country; we only lost about 240 airmen in the attacks	57
6211830945	Manhattan Project	this event's objective was to create the atomic bomb; had to split an atom in a controlled manner; Einstein came to the US and helped; thousands of scientists came to help; cost $2 billion to make 1 bomb; located in Los Alamos, New Mexico	58
6211830946	Major General Groves	military leader of the Manhattan project; created and designed the Pentagon; organzied and ensured efficiency in the project	59
6211830947	Dr. Oppenheimer	scientific leader of the Manhattan project; became obsessed with his work and could not handle stress very well; devastated at the results of dropping the bombs; "I am become death, the destroyer of worlds"	60
6211830948	Tinian Island	the island the bombers took off of to bomb Japan	61
6211830949	Little Boy	the uranium bomb; 1st bomb of its kind to be used in combat; dropped on Hiroshima	62
6211830950	Paul Tibbets	man who flew the plane that dropped Little Boy; named his plane, the Enola Gay, after his mother	63
6211830951	Hiroshima	August 6th, 1945; Little Boy was dropped and killed 70,000 immediately and then twice that much by radiation and cancer; was targeted because of its poor defense and high population	64
6211830952	Fat Man	the plutonium bomb; surrounded by smaller and slower explosives; the US only had enough plutonium to make 1 bomb; we didn't know if it would work or not but decided to go with it anyways; this bomb was two times stronger than the uranium bomb but killed half as many	65
6211830953	Nagasaki	place where Fat Man was dropped; US dropped warning pamphlets 3 days before dropping the bomb; 40,000 people were killed; most of the shock was absorbed in the hills and mountains; this place has a higher radiation poisoning	66
6211830954	VJ Day	September 2nd, 1945; the Japanese surrender and marked the end of the war; japan has never had a military since; the unofficial surrender was 6 days after Nagasaki	67
6211830955	Japanese War Crime Trials	event where many Japanese leaders were put on trial; General Tojo was put on trials; many were tried for the Rape of Nanking as well as bio chemical experiments	68
6211830956	Bio-chemical experiments	what the Japanese performed on POWs; purpose was to develop more harmful weapons using nature	69
6211830957	German Soviet Non-Aggression Pact	the agreement between Germany and Russia to split Poland	70
6211830958	V V	victory in Europe, victory at home; black civil rights movement during the war. The Double V campaign bolstered the spirits of black soldiers and strengthened African American commitments to fighting for equal rights.	71
6211830959	Spheres Of Influence	When a country has a geographical influence, like America to Southern American countries	72
6211830960	Bloc	a group of nations with similar interests, like the European countries under the influence of communism from Stalin.	73