AP US History Period 2, 1607-1754 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 9266353739 | headright | The right to acquire a certain amount of land granted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer. | 0 | |
| 9266353740 | disenfranchise | To take away the right to vote. | 1 | |
| 9266353741 | civil war | A conflict between the citizens of inhabitants of the same country. | 2 | |
| 9266353742 | tidewater | The territory adjoining water affected by tides-this is, near the seacoast or coastal rivers. | 3 | |
| 9266353743 | middle passage | That portion of a slave ship's journey in which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas. | 4 | |
| 9266353744 | fertility | The ability to mate and produce abundant offspring. | 5 | |
| 9266353745 | menial | Fit for servants; humble or low. | 6 | |
| 9266353746 | militia | An armed force of citizens called out only in emergencies. | 7 | |
| 9266353747 | hierarchy | A social group arranged in ranks or classes. | 8 | |
| 9266353748 | corporation | A group or institution granted legal rights to carry on certain specified activities. | 9 | |
| 9266353749 | jeremiad | A sermon or prophecy warning of doom and calling for repentance. | 10 | |
| 9266353750 | lynching | The illegal killing of an accused person by mob action without due process. | 11 | |
| 9266353751 | hinterland | Inland region back from a port, river, or the seacoast. | 12 | |
| 9266353752 | social structure | The basic pattern of the distribution of status and wealth in a society. | 13 | |
| 9266353753 | blue blood | Of noble or upper-class descent. | 14 | |
| 9266353754 | sect | A small religious group that has broken away from some larger mainstream church. | 15 | |
| 9266353755 | agitators | Those who seek to excite or persuade the public on some issue. | 16 | |
| 9266353756 | stratification | The visible arrangement of society into a hierarchical pattern, with distinct social groups layered one on top of the other. | 17 | |
| 9266353757 | mobility | The capacity to pass readily from one social or economic condition to another. | 18 | |
| 9266353758 | elite | The smaller group at the top of a society or institution, usually possessing wealth, power, or special privileges. | 19 | |
| 9266353759 | almshouse | A home for the poor, supported by charity or public funds. | 20 | |
| 9266353760 | gentry | Landowners of substantial property, social standing, and leisure, but not titled nobility. | 21 | |
| 9266353761 | tenant farmer | One who rents rather than owns land. | 22 | |
| 9266353762 | veto | The executive power to prevent acts passed by the legislature from becoming law. | 23 | |
| 9266353763 | apprentice | A person who works under a master to acquire instruction in a trade or profession. | 24 | |
| 9266353764 | speculation | Buying land or anything else in the hope of profiting by an expected rise in price. | 25 | |
| 9266353765 | revival | In religion, a movement of renewed enthusiasm and commitment, often accompanied by special meetings or evangelical activity. | 26 | |
| 9266353766 | secular | Belonging to the worldly sphere rather than to the specifically sacred or churchly. | 27 | |
| 9266353767 | Indentured servants | A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country. During the seventeenth century most of the white laborers in Maryland and Virginia came from England as indentured servants. | 28 | |
| 9266353768 | Puritan | A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship. | 29 | |
| 9266353769 | Export Economy | Economy whose growth depends to a great extent on the export sector (i.e. selling to other countries) rather than domestic demand. | 30 | |
| 9266353770 | Participatory Town Meetings | Originated in New England - town meetings at which normal citizens can participate in making decisions related to politics, government, current events, etc. Noted as one of the first instances of democracy in America. | 31 | |
| 9266353771 | Metacomet's War (King Phillip's War) | An armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675-78. King Phillip (Metacomet) reacted against European encroachment onto the Wampanoag territory, was defeated and humiliated by colonists, forced him to sign a new peace agreement that included the surrender of Indian guns. | 32 | |
| 9266353772 | Pueblo Revolt | 1680 - An uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. | 33 | |
| 9266353773 | Pluralism | The recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which permits the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions and lifestyles. | 34 | |
| 9266353774 | Great Awakening | An evangelical and revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, and especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s | 35 | |
| 9266353775 | Enlightenment | The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority andlegitimacy. Advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governmentand ending the perceived abuses of the church and state. | 36 | |
| 9266353776 | Anglicization | The act of making something English in either form or character. | 37 | |
| 9266353777 | Protestant Evangelicalism | A strain of protestantism that stresses the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ, personal conversion experiences, Scripture as the sole basis for faith, and active evangelism (the winning of personal commitments to Christ). | 38 | |
| 9266353778 | Chattel Slavery | A type of slavery in which slaves were actual property that could be bought, traded or sold. | 39 | |
| 9266353779 | Mercantilism | An enconomic theory that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers. (Think: the economic counterpart of political absolutism) | 40 | |
| 9266353780 | Separatists | People who believed the Church of England retained too many traces of its Catholic origin and thus, was not pure. Those who formally left the established state church. | 41 | |
| 9266353781 | Congregationalism | A system of organization among Christian churches whereby individual local churches are largely self-governing. | 42 | |
| 9266353782 | John Cotton | A clergyman in England and the American colonies and, by most accounts, the preeminent minister and theologian of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. | 43 | |
| 9266353783 | John Winthrop | Puritan leader credited with the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony | 44 | |
| 9266353784 | Quaker | Christians basing their message on the religious belief that "Christ has come to teach his people himself", stressing the importance of a direct relationship with God through Jesus Christ, and a direct religious belief in the universal priesthood of all believers. | 45 | |
| 9266353785 | Pacifist | One who holds the belief that war and violence are unjustifiable. | 46 | |
| 9266353786 | Virginia | The first colony of the original thirteen. The birthplace of both presidents and future generals, but also the birthplace of African slavery in English America. This company eventually went bankrupt and was salvaged by becoming a royal colony with a royal govenror, William Berkeley, in 1642. | 47 | |
| 9266353787 | Lord De La Warr | New governor and captain of Virginia that arrived in Jamestown in 1610, just as the colony was on the brink of collapse. Used his own fortune to buttress Virginia and established key turning point in giving Virginia Company land to Virginians as private property. | 48 | |
| 9266353788 | House of Burgesses | Frist representative assembly in the Western Hemisphere, established in Jamestown to protect the property and other rights of Englishmen. | 49 | |
| 9266353789 | Plymouth Colony | A short-lived by symbolically important colony founded in 1620 at Cape Cod by Separatists and other more secularly-minded colonists. There, 100 surviving colonists signed the Mayflower Compact to increase obligation to stand together. This colony was eventually absorbed by its much larger neighbor, the Massachusetts Bay Colony. William Bradford, the long-term governor of the colony, recorded this history in Of Plymouth Plantation. | 50 | |
| 9266353790 | Mayflower Compact | Considered the first written constitution of the English-speaking world. Signed by members of the Plymouth colony upon arrival to the New World. | 51 | |
| 9266353791 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | A Puritan Colony founded by the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629. Made up of Puritans coming to America during the Great Migration. | 52 | |
| 9266353792 | The Great Migration | A point in which Puritans came to America fleeing persecution for their religious beliefs. | 53 | |
| 9266353793 | Anne Hutchinson | A Bostonian who taught doctrines the Puritans believed to be heretical in her home with several men, even ministers, in attendance. For these acts, she was put on trial for heresay and was banished from Massachusetts. | 54 | |
| 9266353794 | Roger Williams | A Puritan minister; one of the first colonists ot advocate the separation of church and state. | 55 | |
| 9266353795 | Maryland | Founded by George Calvert, the Lord Baltimore, as a refuge for Roman Catholics facing persecution from Anglican Church. | 56 | |
| 9266353796 | John Locke | Political philosopher that theorized governments were instituted among men for the preservation of life, liberty and property and that they should employ balance of powers. Wrote the Constitution for the Carolina colony as secretary to one of its eight proprietors. | 57 | |
| 9266353797 | William Penn | Founder of the Quaker colony Pennsylvania. | 58 | |
| 9266353798 | Coastal Plain | Extending from the Fall Line in the foothills from the Appalachian Mountains out to the Atlantic Sea, contained fertile soil and was crisscrossed with rivers that served as highways. | 59 | |
| 9266353799 | Cash-Crop Economy | An economic system based on the exportation of certain crops such as sugar, cotton, and coffee. | 60 | |
| 9266353800 | First Great Awakening | A revival of the Christian Religion as an act of God through the Holy Spirit. The first unifying event int he history of colonial America. | 61 | |
| 9266353801 | Jonathan Edwards | Preacher from Northampton, Massachusetts, that spread the First Great Awakening through famous sermons, notably "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." | 62 | |
| 9266353802 | domestic | Concerning the internal affairs of a country. | 63 | |
| 9266353803 | minister | In politics, a person appointed by the head of the state to take charge of some department agency of government. | 64 | |
| 9266353804 | magistrate | A civil official charged with upholding the law, often exercising both judicial and executive power. | 65 | |
| 9266353805 | peasant | A farmer of agricultural laborer, sometime legally tied to the land. | 66 | |
| 9266353806 | coureurs des bois | French-Canadian fur trappers; literally, "runners of the wood." | 67 | |
| 9266353807 | voyageurs | French-Canadian fur traders and adventurers. | 68 | |
| 9266353808 | ecological | Concerning the relations between the biological organisms of their environment. | 69 | |
| 9266353809 | mutinous | Concerning revolt by subordinate soldiers or seamen against their commanding officers. | 70 | |
| 9266353810 | strategic | Concerning the placement and planned movement of large-scale military forces so as to gain advantage, usually prior to actual engagement with the enemy. | 71 | |
| 9266353811 | guerilla warfare | Unconventional combat wagged by smaller military units using hit-and-run tactics. | 72 | |
| 9266353812 | buffer | A territory between two hostile states, designed to soften an attack from one or the other side. | 73 | |
| 9266353813 | siege | A military operation surrounding and attacking a fortified place, often over a sustained period. | 74 | |
| 9266353814 | flotilla | A fleet of boats, usually smaller vessels. | 75 | |
| 9266353815 | commissions | An official certification granting a commanding rank in the armed forces. | 76 |