AP World History: Ch. 4 Classical Civilization--India, Pt. 1 Flashcards

4748757581	Materialism	A practice of the priestly class that came under criticism by many religious seers and dissenting philosophers.	0
4748760048	Social Hierarchy	Created ritual divisions and restrictions on intermarriage between social groups.	1
4748765102	Mauryas	First empire in India beginning in the late 4th century B.C.E. located in east India that was short lived.	2
4748767016	Gupta	Powerful empire that arose in the early 4th century C.E. from northern India that reasserted brahmans' dominance.	3
4748782551	Alexander the Great	Invaded India in 327--not conquering, but bringing India in contact with Hellenistic culture.	4
4748792594	Isolated	India was forced to experience and adapt to other cultures, and China did not because of geographical and social phenomenon.	5
4748797951	Himalayas	Northern mountain ranges that separated India	6
4748803902	Monsoons	Rains crucial for farming, but sometimes unpredictable brining too much or too little rain.	7
4748805468	Aryans	Indo-European migrants who penetrated the Indian subcontinent becoming farmers and developed a series of oral epics called the Vedas.	8
4748808634	Sanskrit	The literary language of the new culture.	9
4748809610	Vedas	Composed by various priests that told stories about gods and proper standards of human behavior.	10
4748868245	Indus and Ganges	Two major rivers in India that hosted great agricultural regions.	11
4748870211	Varna	An Aryan social class based on the Aryans' belief that indigenous people were inferior.	12
4748905665	Kshatriyas	Warrior, governing class.	13
4748907380	Brahmans	Priestly class.	14
4748908342	Vaisyas	Traders and farmers	15
4748909224	Sudras	Common laborers	16
4748909227	Untrouchables	Lowest class relegated to the worst, menial jobs.	17
4748913735	Jati	A smaller subgroup within a caste with distinctive occupations tied to a social station by birth.	18
4748918992	Rig-Veda	The first Aryan epic, and attributed the rise of the caste system to the gods.	19
4748921069	Polythestic	Indian religion recognized multiple gods and goddesses who presided over fire, sun, death and other natural phenomenon.	20
4748921860	Indra	The god of thunder and strength	21
4748935603	Upanishads	Collection of works that became the basis for Hindu beliefs that expressed how nature was shaped by gods and a divine force.	22
4748988025	Chandragupta Maurya	Soldier, who in 322 B.C.E. became the first leader of the Mauryan Dynasty.	23
4748995786	Autocratic	A style of governing that relies heavily on a ruler's personal and military power.	24
4748997256	Ashoka	Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya who greatly expanded Indian territory and ultimately converted to Buddhism.	25
4749001097	Dharma	An ethical guide based on laws of moral consequences.	26
4749008504	Kanishka	Great Kushnan king who invaded India from the NW after the fall of the Mauryan Dynasty.	27
4749034120	Kautilya	Political advisor to Chnadragupta whose work the Arthashastra told leaders how to keep power similar to Legalism in China.	28