AP Ch 13 vocabulary Flashcards

6529700252	Barr Body	dark staining body in the cell nuclei of female mammals that contains a condensed inactive X chromosome	0
6529706993	carcinogens	environmental agent that causes mutations leading to the development of cancer.	1
6529714314	chromatin	network of DNA strands and associated proteins observed within a nucleus of a cell	2
6529723133	DNA repair enzyme	one of several enzymes that restore the original base sequence in an altered DNA strand	3
6529730865	enhancer	DNA sequence that acts as a regulatory element to increase the level of transcription when regulatory proteins bind to it.	4
6529737803	epigenetic inheritance	an inheritance pattern in which a nuclear gene has been modified but the changed expression of the gene is not permanent over many generations	5
6529745993	frameshift mutation	insertion of deletion of at least one base, so that the reading of the corresponding mRNA changes	6
6529751401	gene mutations	altered gene whose sequence of bases differs from the original sequence	7
6529758547	induced mutation	mutation that is caused by an outside influence	8
6529764060	inducer	molecule that brings about activity of an operon by joining with a repressor and preventing it from binding to the operator	9
6529773806	microRNA	short sequences of RNA, usually less than 22 nucleotides, that are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.	10
6529783163	mutagens	chemical or physical agent that increases the chance of mutation	11
6529786482	operator	the sequence of DNA that serves as a binding site for a repressor, and thereby regulates the expression of structural genes.	12
6529795014	operon	group of structural and regulating genes that function as a single unit.	13
6529802907	point mutations	change of only one base in the sequence of bases in a gene	14
6529809007	posttranscriptional control	gene expression following transcription that regulates the way mRNA transcripts are processed	15
6529815576	posttranslational control	alternation of gene expression by changing a protein's activity after it is translated	16
6529818693	promoter	a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription	17
6529823112	proteases	enzyme that breaks the peptide bonds between amino acids in proteins, polypeptides, and peptides	18
6529831472	proteasome	cellular structure containing proteases that is involved in the destruction of tagged proteins	19
6529841996	regulator gene	gene that controls the expression of another gene or genes	20
6529844990	RNA interference	cellular process that utilizes miRNA and siRNA molecules to reduce, or inhibit, the expression of specific genes	21
6529856790	spontaneous mutation	mutation that arises as a result of anomalies in normal biological processes, such as mistakes made during DNA replication	22
6529861602	structural genes	gene that codes for the amino acid sequence of a peptide or protein	23
6529869016	transcriptional activator	protein that participates in the initiation of transcription by binding to the enhancer regulatory regions	24
6529880106	transcriptional control	control of gene expression by the use of transcription factors, and other proteins, that regulate either the initiation of transcription or the rate at which it occurs	25
6529892412	transcriptional factor	in eukaryotes, protein required for the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase	26
6529900021	translational control	gene expression regulated by influencing the interaction of the mRNA transcripts with the ribosome.	27