AP World History Ms. Keys Flashcards

7315331633	Pastoralism	the domestication of livestock only.	0
8534601964	Domestication	the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food	1
7315337261	Neolithic	"New Stone Age"	2
7315342034	Paleolithic	"Old Stone Age"	3
7315344783	Nomad	people or bands of people that wander around.	4
7315350413	Zoroastrianism	the monotheistic belief by Persians	5
7315355428	Ascetic	a person who practices severe self disciplined absertion.	6
7315363903	Karma	destiny or fate, following as an effect from a cause.	7
7315373601	Brahman	a socially or cultural superior person, especially an upper class from New England.	8
7315387710	Samsara	the cycle of death and rebirth to which is bound.	9
7315426082	Enlightenment	a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.	10
7315441819	Nirvana	a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism.	11
7315780076	Egalitarian	relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.	12
7326790861	Ren	is the Confucian virtue denoting the good feeling virtuous human experiences when being altruistic.	13
7326801779	Filial Piety	a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.	14
7326807530	Daoism	a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu ( fl. 6th century BC), advocating humility and religious piety.	15
7326813187	Humanism	a Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought. a system of thought criticized as being centered on the notion of the rational, autonomous self and ignoring the unintegrated and conditioned nature of the individual.	16
8526762718	Dukkha	suffering from desire	17
8526763591	Trans-regional	Across or between regions (areas identified by similar characteristics)	18
8526928513	Mesopotamia	A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.	19
8526931955	Fertile Crescent	The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers gave life to the first known agricultural villages in this area about 10,000 years ago and the first known cities about 5,000 years ago. Includes Mesopotamia, Palestine, and the Nile.	20
8526933312	ziggurat	A temple tower of ancient Mesopotamia, constructed of square or rectangular terraces of diminishing size, usually with a shrine made of blue enamel bricks on the top	21
8534465128	Social	of or relating to human society, especially as a body divided into classes according to a specific status.	22
8534468786	Filial Piety	"to respect your elders"	23
8534470012	Confucius	The founder of Confucianism	24
8534471300	Daoism/Taoism	A Chinese philosophy based on the writing of Lao-tzu advocating humility and religious piety.	25
8534475102	Caste System	the rigid Hindu system of hereditary social distinctions based on castes.	26
8534482529	Monsoon	the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter; these strong and predictable winds have long been ridden across the open sea by sailors, and the large amounts of rainfall that they deposit on parts of India, Southeast Asia, and China allow for the cultivation of several crops a year.	27
8534484109	The Founder of Buddhism	Sidartha Guaptama	28
8534487451	Urban Planning	the activity or profession of determining the future physical arrangement and condition of a community.	29
8534488442	Mandate of Heaven	a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source, which could be seen through natural phenomenons.	30
8534489194	Maurya Empire	Indian empire founded by Chandragupta, beginning with his kingdom in northeastern India and spreading to most of northern and central India. significance: unified the Indian subcontinent.	31
8534490372	Monotheistic	means that, that specific religion believe in only one god.	32
8534491273	Polytheistic	means that, religions like these believe that there are two or more gods that govern the world.	33
8534492711	Shi Huangdi	Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization.	34
8534493723	Political	the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind.	35
8534494642	Roman Republic	the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar.	36
8534497821	Roman Empire	at its height (c. 117 CE), was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. By 285 CE the empire had grown too vast to be ruled from the central government at Rome and so was divided by Emperor Diocletian into a Western and an Eastern Empire.	37
8534498616	Ten Commandments	The law code for Christians to follow	38
8534499728	Twelve Tables	laws that were made by the Plebians to make the laws equal for all citizens whether they are rich or poor.	39
8534502335	Five Causes for the demise of the Roman Empire	1. High taxes on farmers 2. Many external Invasions 3. the Rise of Christianity throughout the empire. 4. The decrease in the size of the Roman Army and Navy. 5. Rise in the unemployment	40
8534503577	The Vedas	the sacred text for the Hindu religion	41
8534505132	The three Monotheistic Religions	Christianity, Judaism, Islam	42
8534506003	The Eastern Half of the Roman Empire	Byzantium	43
8534506922	Direct Democracy	were every citizen gets one vote	44
8534508267	Karma	The reaction effect of an initial event whether it is good or bad.	45
8534509147	Allah	The Judaist term for their god.	46
8534512875	Pastoralism	the domestication of livestock only.	47
8534531062	Bedouin	nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats	48
8534531690	Mecca	Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam	49
8534533736	Medina	town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar	50
8534534880	Umayyad	clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty	51
8534535804	Muhammad	(570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh	52
8534538487	Qur'an	the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam	53
8534539270	Umma	community of the faithful within Islam	54
8534540189	Five Pillars	the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)	55
8534540964	Caliph	cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism	56
8534542408	Jihad	Islamic holy war	57
8534543171	Sunnis	followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads	58
8534544013	Shi'a	followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam	59
8534544989	Abbasids	dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad	60
8534546246	Hadiths	"traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam	61
8534547862	Mongols	central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph	62
8534548579	Chinggis Khan	AKA Genghis Khan(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms	63
8534549319	Mali	West African Empire; trade and scholarly (gold and kola nut important items) between the Senegal and Niger rivers	64
8534550119	Mansa Musa	ruler of Mali; very wealthy; converted to Isalam took famous haji to Mecca	65
8534550784	Ibn Battuta	Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world	66
8534551754	Songhay	successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao	67
8534552703	East African trading ports	urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Kilwas	68
8534553526	Icons	images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians	69
8534555145	Iconoclasm	the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration	70
8534555799	Feudalism	personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service	71
8534557078	Grand Canal	built by Sui Dynasty; great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin connect South to North China	72
8534558174	Flying money	Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency	73
8534558904	Footbinding	male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite.	74
8534560653	Samurai	mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords (Daimyo) , not the emperor. Guide by the Bushido Code	75
8534561622	Shoguns	military leaders of the Japan	76
8534562375	Daimyos	warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states	77
8534563245	Kubilai Khan	grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271	78
8534564636	Ottoman Empire	Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire	79
8534565403	Ming Dynasty	Ming Dynasty replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China	80
8534566541	Champa Rice	tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase	81
8534567811	Diasporic communities	merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas	82
8534568389	Trans Saharan trade	Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates..	83
8534568393	Effect of Muslim conquests	collapse of other empires, mass conversion to Islam responsible for fast growth of the religion (think jihad)	84
8534569449	Tang Dynasty	followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence.	85
8534578459	Timbuktu	trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people	86
8534579616	Marco Polo	traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan	87
8534580298	Ibn Batuta	Mohammedan who described travels to Mecca and Far East	88
8534591039	Themes of AP World History	1. Interaction Between Humans and the environment 2. Development and Interaction of Cultures 3. State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict 4. Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems 5. Development and Transformation of Social StructuresThe Nile River Supported the Egyptians; regular flood pattern	89
8534592382	The Nile River	Supported the Egyptians; regular flood pattern	90
8534593726	The Tigris and Euphrates	Supported the Mesopotamians; irregular flood pattern	91
8534598387	Neolithic Revolution	This social revolution was also known as the New Stone Age where people changed from hunting and gathering food to domesticating animals and cultivating land as farmers.	92
8534604349	Metallurgy	The science and technology of working with metals	93
8534606622	Hieroglyphics	ancient Egyptian 'picture' writing	94
8534607951	Harappa	2nd largest city in the Indus River Valley; major trading center that used land transportation (oxen and carts)	95
8534608841	Mohenjo-Daro	complex irrigation and sewer system; biggest city with central planning	96
8534615112	Oracle Bones	animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future	97
8534618301	3000 BCE	Building of the great pyramid	98
8534619210	570 CE	Prophet Mohammed born in Mecca	99
8534620679	1348	Black Death Plague	100
8534621311	1492	America discovered by Columbus	101
8534630877	5 relationships	Father to Son Ruler to subject Husband to Wife Elder Brother to Younger Brother Friend to Friend For Confucius, key relationships in society are of superiors to inferiors; social harmony is kept when superiors show good example, are just, etc. and when inferiors obey	102
8534633786	Ancestor veneration	worship of ancestors ( very common in china )	103
8534635662	Animism	the worship of animals	104
8534648774	Middle Passage	A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.	105
8534650143	colombian exchange	the exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas after Columbus' discovery	106
8534653667	counter reformation	the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)	107
8534655450	Inca Empire	Largest Empire ever built in South America; and conquered by the european, Francisco Pizzaro	108
8534657979	Mestizos	A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory	109
8534693645	Indulgences	The Catholic Church's grants of salvation for money in the 1500s, and was part of the growing corruption of the church.	110
8534660771	Martin Luther	" started " the reformation because of his anger towards indulgences and unjust clergy. he also translated the bible into German	111
8534661713	Mercantilism	An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought	112
8534664752	Scientific method	A series of steps followed to solve problems including experimenting and data collecting	113
8534668801	Issac Newton	British scientist who defined the laws of motion, found a way to quantify gravity.	114
8534669698	Galileo	He was the first person to use a telescope to observe objects in space further proved the heliocentric theory	115
8534670553	Nikolai Copernicus	made the Heliocentric Theory	116
8534671281	The Scientific Revolution	A new way of thinking about the natural world. It was based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs	117
8534672553	Akbar the Great	(1542-1605) Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India. He is considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.	118
8534675865	Suleyman the Magnificent	The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire	119
8534677755	Janiassaries	Janiassaries members of the Turkish military that used weapons and were paid money in comparison to calvary that were paid in land	120
8534679280	Millet system	Divided regions in the Ottoman Empire by religion	121
8534680413	Edict of Nantes	1598 grant of tolerance in France to French Protestants	122
8534688610	Scholasticism	Scholars based their inquiry on the principles established by the church, which sometimes resulted in clashes between science and religion	123
8534689943	Johan Gutenberg	a German goldsmith and printer, who created the printing press, in 1454	124
8534690850	Nicolo Machiavelli	a Renaissance writer who wrote, "The Prince" which was a famous philosophical view of the ideal political leader in the 16th century, in Italian city states	125
8534697905	Joint-stock Companies	these companies organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares. The new capitalist system largely replaced the old guild system of the middle ages.	126
8534697933	Bourgeoise	Upper middle class; Urban, factory owners who put long hours and much of their profits into their businesses	127
8534700438	Zheng He	led expiditions in Chinese junks across the atlantic ocean, with one goal being to assert Chinas power after the demise of the Yuan dynasty.	128
8534701689	Yongle	something of a renegade who supported a series of seven maritimes expeditions. Chinese vessels started to take tribute from those they encountered.	129
8534702876	Henry the Navigator	the third son of the portuguese king; devoted his life to navigation, creating a navigation school, which became a magnet for the cartographers of the world	130
8534703614	Caravel	a new ship developed by the portuguese, which was much smaller than the junk, but size allowed for exploration of shallower coastal areas	131
8534704369	Vasco da Gama	set out to find the tip of Africa and connect it to the Indian Ocean, and discovered the fastest and safest ways to travel to Portugal	132
8534707135	Middle Passage	the first leg of the atlantic circuit, where ships took slaves to the new world	133
8534708796	African Diaspora	The spreading of Africans to many other parts of the world, especially the Americas. This is one of the most important demographic changes during 1450 - 1750	134
8534710751	Asante	Kingdom that produced gold and Kola nuts, they rose in West Africa on the Gold Coast.	135
8534712627	Devshirme	a system that required Christian's of the area to contribute young boys to be the sultans slaves	136
8534714227	Gunpowder Empires	an age of time where almost all powerful states used guns to build control/attack (included Russia, Ming and Qing, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid and the Mughal empire)	137
8534716305	Vizier	head of the imperial administration in the Ottoman empire who took care of the day to day work of the empire, aiding the Sultan	138
8534717706	Sikhism	Sincretic faith of Indian Subcontinent started by Nanuk, who became the first Guru of Sikhism. Sikhism was a following of people who formed a community free of caste divisions	139
8534721116	Kowtow	a special, often deep bow to the Chinese emperor. In the Qing dynasty, those who came to see the emperor had to do a special bow consisting of 3 separate kneeling	140
8534727689	ziggurat	A temple tower of ancient Mesopotamia, constructed of square or rectangular terraces of diminishing size, usually with a shrine made of blue enamel bricks on the top	141
8534728443	Sumer	The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed for over 3,000 years.	142
8534729813	Teotihuacan	A large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about 25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450.	143
8534732886	Jenne-Jeno	One of the first urbanized centers in western Africa. A walled community home to approximately 50,000 people at its height. Evidence suggests domestication of agriculture and trade with nearby regions.	144
8534733672	Great Zimbabwe	A stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have been associated with trade, farming, and mining.	145
8534734896	Zoroaster	The founder of Persia's classical pre-Islamic religion, Zoroastrianism.	146
8534736110	Hellenistic	Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.	147
8534737537	Goths	An array of Germanic peoples, pushed further westward by nomads from central Asia. They in turn migrated west into Rome, upsetting the rough balance of power that existed between Rome and these people.	148
8534738265	assimilation	The process by which people are gradually absorbed and integrated into another culture.	149
8534738871	Liu Bang	First emperor of the Han dynasty under which a new social and political hierarchy emerged. Scholars were on top, followed by farmers, artisans, and merchants. He chose his ministers from educated men with Confucian principals.	150
8534740414	Guilds	Pre-industiral associations of businessmen and producers two work for their collective interest.	151
8534742503	Dharma	the fulfillment of one's social and religious duties in Hinduism	152
8534744295	Rigveda	One of the worlds oldest religious texts. It is a book composed by Vedic Brahman priests that contains hymns and Sanskrit poetry.	153
8534746047	Empress Wu	the only woman to rule China in her own name, expanded the empire and supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.	154
8534748434	Mentuhotep I	Egyptian pharaoh who founded the Middle Kingdom by REUNITING Upper and Lower Egypt in 2134 BCE.	155
8534751176	Nazca	Nazca	156
8534753267	Macedonia	Area between the Greek and Slavic regions; conquered Greece and Mesopotamia under the leadership of Philip II and Alexander the Great	157
8534754437	Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing.	158
8534758707	Warring States Period	the period from 475 BC until the unification of China under the Qin dynasty, characterized by lack of centralized government in China. It followed the Zhou dynasty.	159
8534759927	urbanization	the movement of people to Urban areas in search of work.	160
8534760950	Yurt	a portable dwelling used by the nomadic people of Centa Asia such as Mongols, consisting of a tentlike structure of skin, felt or hand-woven textiles arranged over wooden poles.	161
8534766244	Shogun	In feudal Japan, a noble similar to a duke. They were the military commanders and the actual rulers of Japan for many centuries while the Emperor was a powerless spiritual figure.	162
8534768083	Dar al-Islam	a term used by Muslims to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely.	163
8534771280	Young Turks	A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era.	164
8534785116	censorates	spied on the government	165
8534787398	Neo-Confucianism	a blend of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism	166
8534791153	flying fire	a bow & arrow with fire on it.	167
8534797088	The Hanseatic League	a league of merchants associated within the cities of Northern Germany and the Baltics	168