AP World History chapter 3-4 Flashcards

7210254295	Shi Huangdi	Founder of the brief Qin Dynasty in 220 B.C.E	0
7210260409	Qin	established in 221 B.C.E at end of the Warring States period right behind the decline of the Zhou Dynasty; fell in 207 B.C.E	1
7210271643	Han	Dynasty that succeeded in Qin 202 B.C.E; ruled for next 400 years	2
7210276713	Zhou	Originally a vassal (holder of land) family of Shang China; overthrew the Shang and established 2nd historical Chinese dynasty that flourished 1122-256 B.C.E	3
7210284897	Great Wall	Defensive wall to protect China from Nomad invaders from the North; during Qin dynasty and reign of Shi Huangdi.	4
7210293145	Confucius	Kong Fuzi; major chinese philosopher born in 6th century B.C.E	5
7210301925	Buddha	Creator of major Indian and Asia religion; born in 6th century B.C.E as son of local ruler among tribes; found under bo tree;taught to achieve only by abandoning desires for all earthly things.	6
7210325077	Alexander the Great	Successor of Philip II;successfully conquered Persian empire prior to his death in 323 B.C.E; tried to combine Greek and Persian cultures	7
7210340293	Himalayas	Mountain region marking the northern border of the Indian subcontinent; site of Aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms or warrior republics	8
7213689271	Monsoons	Seasonal winds crossing Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia; during summer bring rains	9
7213691601	Sanskrit	The sacred and classical Indian language	10
7213694457	Varnas	Cluster of caste groups in Aryan society; 4 social castes priests,warriors,merchants, and peasants; beneath 4 Aryan castes was group of socially untouchable	11
7213700618	untouchables	Low social caste in Hindu culture; perform tasks that were considered polluting- street sweeping, removal of human waste, and tanning	12
7213704294	Indra	Chief depicted as a colossal, hard drinking warrior	13
7213707641	Chandragupt Maurya	Founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization	14
7213710175	Mauryan	Dynasty established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century B.C.E following invasion by Alexander the Great	15
7213712132	Ashoka	Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya;completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire	16
7213717284	dharma	The caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform occupation to the best of on'es ability in order to have a better situation in the next life.	17
7213720500	Kushans	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c.100 B.C.E; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	18
7213723434	Guptas	Dynasty that succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century C.E; built empire that extended to all but the southern regions of Indian sub-continent; less centralized than Mauryan Empire	19
7213730503	Kautilya	Political adviser to Chandragupta Maurya; one of the authors of Arthashastra; believes in scientific application of warfare	20
7213735095	Gurus	Originally refereed to as Brahmans who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas.	21
7213737085	Vishnu	The Brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice; widely worshiped	22
7213738396	Shiva	Hindu, god of destruction and reproduction; worshiped as the personification of cosmic forces of change	23
7213741204	reincarnation	The successive attachment of the soul to some animate form according to merits earned in previous	24
7213743030	Nirvana	The Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility.	25
7213745036	Kamasutra	Written by Vatsayana during Gupta era; offered instruction on all aspects of life for higher-caste male, including grooming , hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and lovemaking	26
7213749645	Stupas	Stones strines built to house pieces of bone or hair and personal possessions said to be relics of the Buhhda; preserved Buddhist architectural	27
7213753017	scholar-gentry	Chinese class created by the material linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China	28