AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards

9897095080	isolated	China was ____ from the rest of the world	0
9897095081	himalayas, gobi desert, and pacific ocean	What are some natural barriers of China	1
9897095082	Huange He (yellow river) and Yangtze	What are the two rivers of China	2
9897095083	2,920	How many miles long is the yellow river	3
9897095084	Loess	In the yellow river, ____ is depostied from blowing winds (this is what makes it yellow)	4
9897095085	millet and wheat	what crops were grown in northern China	5
9897095086	rice	What crop was grown in the Yangtze river valley	6
9897095087	riding horses and pottery making	Chinese people skilled at....	7
9897095088	2000 BCE	By.... the chinese had an advanced technology and intellecutal life	8
9897095089	bronze and iron and coal	What metals/stones did the Chinese use?	9
9897095090	1000 BCE	When did the Chinese learn to use bronze and iron	10
9897095091	ideographic symbols	the Chinese wrote in....	11
9897095092	astronomy, art, and music	The Chinese excelled in...	12
9897095093	Zia	first dynasty EVER!!!!	13
9897095094	2200 BCE	When did the Zia dynasty begin	14
9897095095	monarchy	what kind of government did the Zia have	15
9897095096	Sage-king "Yu"	founder of Zia, organized effective flood conrol projects	16
9897095097	founding of and development of cities	No records survive from Zia history, but it is believed that the dynasty encouraged the...	17
9897095098	Shang Di	strong shang king	18
9897095099	fertility	The Shang dynasty had ceremonies and dances that promoted....	19
9897095100	Shang	First dynasty with records	20
9897095101	1799-1122 BCE	What were the dates of the Shang Dynasty	21
9897095102	bronze weapons	nomads in shang dynasty fought on horseback from chariots with ...........	22
9897095103	Anyang	The ancient Chinese capital of the Shang dynasty.	23
9897095104	Large bureaucracy	What type of government did the Shangs have?	24
9897095105	local rulers	In Shang Dynasty, peasants and artisans were governed by....	25
9897095106	feudalism	The Shang government most closely resembled the European..... during the middle ages	26
9897095107	Silk	China had the monopoly on this	27
9897095108	bronze vessels	these were ornately cared and used to make offerings in Shang history	28
9897095109	shang Di	Who is the "main god" of Shang Dynasty	29
9897095110	oracles	priests served as _____ who would prophesy the future in Shang Dynasty	30
9897095111	bones and turtle shells	Shang wrote on	31
9897095112	family	Central to all chinese society	32
9897095113	patriarchal	Shang was a highly ____ society.	33
9897095114	Elderly males	head of chinese family	34
9897095115	Zhou	used the mandate of heaven for the first time	35
9897095116	1122-256 BCE	What were the dates of the Zhou Dynasty	36
9897095117	Mandate of Heaven	The Zhou used this to justify their rule	37
9897095118	Period of Waring States	Late centuries of the Zhou is called...	38
9897095119	403-221 BCE	What were the dates of the "Period of Warring states"	39
9897095120	Philosophies	What emerged during the Period of Warring states	40
9897095121	Mandate of heaven	justification for rule that influenced government and political legitimacy. Heavenly power granted the right to an individual to rule as the "son of heaven"	41
9897095122	withdraw the mandate	If the ruler failed under the mandate the heavenly powers would...	42
9897095123	Confucianism	Chinese religion with beliefs of social harmony from the proper order of human relationships	43
9897095124	Analects	Confucious sayings are compiled into _____	44
9897095125	political life	Confucious withdrew from _____ after unsuccessful efforts to find employment as an official and advisor to rulers	45
9897095126	Filial piety/Xiao	required of children that requires them show obedience, reverence, and love	46
9897095127	Ren	an attitude of kindness and benevolence	47
9897095128	Li	individuals have a sense of propriety	48
9897095129	society	One of confucius' goals was that individuals who possessed the traits would gain influence in ______	49
9897095130	junzi	superior individuals	50
9897095131	Mencius	Influenced by Confucius, popularized Confucian ideas, Emphasized sen by advocating benevolence and humanity government	51
9897095132	shown	mencius believed that if people are _____ the right way by virtuous rulers, they would do the right thing	52
9897095133	harmony	Under Mencius, he believed that rulers would levy light taxes, avoid ears, support education, and encourage ________	53
9897095134	Xunzi	Emphasized Li, less rosy picture of human nature, believed people had to be compelled to make appropriate choices, advocated for a well publicized standard of conduct with limits and harsh social discipline	54
9897095135	Legalism	Xunzi's beliefs lead to the development of....	55
9897095136	298-238 BCE	What were the dates of Xunzi	56
9897095137	372-289 BCE	What were the dates of Mencius	57
9897095138	Daoism	religion devoted to reflection and introspection, in hopes of understanding natural principles that govern the world	58
9897095139	The sage Laozi	Who is the founder of Daoism	59
9897095140	6th century BCE	When was Daoism founded	60
9897095141	Classic of the Way of Virtue	Foundational text of Daoism created by Laozi	61
9897095142	Dao	"The way of nature" or "the cosmos"	62
9897095143	passive	The Dao is an extremely _____ force	63
9897095144	Wuwei	Moral trait that individuals should refrain and disengage in the affairs of the world. Belief that people should live simply, unpretentiously, and in harmony with nature	64
9897095145	Legalism	government that devotes all attention to the state, which they sought to strengthen and expand at all costs	65
9897095146	Shang yang	Who was the first person to practice Legalism (390-338 BCE)	66
9897095147	Han Feizi	Established a theory of Legalism (280-233 BCE)	67
9897095148	Han Feizi	Student of Xunzi and advisor to the Qin	68
9897095149	agriculture and armed forces	The foundation of a state's strength were ____ under legalism	69
9897095150	merchants, entrepreneurs, scholars, educators, poets, philosophers	Legalist governments discouraged ________ because they did not advance the state	70
9897095151	Legalist Doctrine	strict laws with clear expectations and severe punishments	71
9897095152	Qin Shi Huangdi	By 221 BCE ______ emerges as the triumphant conqueror of the 6 coexisting kingdoms	72
9897095153	emperor	Qin Shi Huangdi was China's self-proclaimed first ___________	73
9897095154	221-207 BCE	What were the dates of the Qin Dynasty	74
9897095155	14	How many years did the Qin dynasty last	75
9897095156	Legalist	The Qin dynasty was governed by ______ principles	76
9897095157	bureaucracy	She Huangdi ruled by a centralized ________	77
9897095158	provinces	Shi Huangdi divided the empire into ____	78
9897095159	Great Wall	Shi Huangdi was the mastermind behind what construction project	79
9897095160	standardized currencies, weights, and measures, built roads and bridges, encouraged commerce and military, and mandated the use of common script	What are good things about Shi Huangdi	80
9897095161	460	Shi Huangdi ordered the execution of ____ scholars who critized the regime	81
9897095162	philosophy, ethics, history, and literature	Qin Shi Huangdi ordered the burning of what kind of books?	82
9897095163	medicine, fortune telling, and agriculture	Qin Shi Huangdi kept which types of books?	83
9897095164	210 BCE	When did Shi Huangdi die?	84
9897095165	700,000	how many laborers were drafted to build Shi Huangdi's tomb?	85
9897095166	Terra Cotta	a life size model of an infantryman	86
9897095167	Liu Bang	In 202 BCE a ruler who's name is _____ prevailed and inaugurated a new dynasty called the HAn	87
9897095168	Han	longest dynasty in Chinese history (400 years)	88
9897095169	Sima Qian	lived during the Han dynasty, regarded as the Chinese "father of history", castrated for defending a disgraced general	89
9897095170	Eunuch	Term for castrated individual	90
9897095171	Sima Qian	created organization framework that became standard	91
9897095172	compare and interpret the difference	Sima Qian wrote the same event narrated in more than one section, inviting readiness to _____	92
9897095173	Han	adopted confucianism as the official ideology of the imperial system	93
9897095174	1,000s of intelligent, educated individuals to run bureaucracy	Confucian educational system emerged from the need to recruit....	94
9897095175	Chang'an	Confucian university is located in....	95
9897095176	30,000	by the end of the Han dynasty the school in Chang'an had how many students	96
9897095177	Merchants	What social class was at the bottom of the Chinese ladder	97
9897095178	Scholar gentry "Shi"	educated, privileged group who were prepared for governmental service	98
9897095179	exams	Chinese government jobs depended on the performance on _____	99
9897095180	Merchants	devoted to moneymaking instead of learning and political service	100
9897095181	"Mean" people	anyone who lacked skills or direct production of goods, meaningless, actors, artists, poets...	101
9897095182	location	Women's status depended on her "___" within society	102
9897095183	wife	In Chinese society, Mother's in law had authority over their son's _____.	103
9897095184	Lessons for Women	1st CE book, instructs daughters to conform to traditional expectations	104
9897095185	Watermill, horse collar, roads and canals, seismometer, crossbow, rudder	What is new technology from the Han dynasty? (7)	105
9897095186	Agriculture, art, military	What are uses of Iron	106
9897095187	Iron	Under the Han dynasty, ____ production rapidly grows	107
9897095188	3000 BCE	when are the origins of silk production	108
9897095189	mulberry leaves	Chinese silk producers fed their silkworms on finely chopped ________	109
9897095190	100 CE	When was paper invented	110
9897095191	hemp and textile fibers	What was woven together to make paper	111
9897095192	paper	became the preferred medium to write on	112
9897095193	20 milllion	How many people were there in 220 BCE (beginning of Han)	113
9897095194	60 million	How many people were there in 9 CE (end of Han)	114
9897095195	economic difficulties, problems of land distribution, Social tensions	What were the 3 causes of the Han's fall	115
9897095196	economic difficulties	Military adventures of emperors caused severe economic stress	116
9897095197	Problems of land distribution	poor harvests, high taxes, debt, owners of large estates increase in size	117
9897095198	Wang Dang	"socialist emperor". limited the amoung of land families coud own	118
9897095199	social tensions	great distinctions between the rich and the poor	119
9897095200	silk	What did the wealthy chinese wear	120
9897095201	jade plaques sewn with gold threads	The upper class was buried in suits of ......	121
9897095202	Yellow Turban Rebellion	serious revolt that tested the Han in late 2nd century CE. Named after headgear	122
9897095203	influence	At the end of the Han dynasty, imperial family members, confucian scholar bureaucrats, and court eunuchs all seek to increase their.....	123
9897095204	220 CE	When did the Han officially fall	124
9897095205	several large regional kingdoms	for the next four centuries after the fall of the han china remained divided into	125
9897095206	south asia	The indian subcontinent is known as...	126
9897095207	Harappans	Who were the earliest settlers in India	127
9897095208	Aryans	Dravidian and indo european peoples who are intermarried, they interacted and laid foundations of society	128
9897095209	aryans	light skinned, indo european language speakers, pastoralists	129
9897095210	sheep and goats	What animals did the aryans have	130
9897095211	horses	were expensive because they were rare, were harnessed to carts, wagons, and chariots	131
9897095212	cattle	principal measure of wealth in india	132
9897095213	1500-500 BCE	what were the dates of the VEdic age	133
9897095214	vedic age	shows early aryan society, had no writing orginally,	134
9897095215	religious and literary works	These works were transmitted orally in Sanskrit during vedic age	135
9897095216	Vedas	the collection of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods. means wisdom or knowledge	136
9897095217	Rig Veda	most important veda	137
9897095218	Rig Veda	1028 hymns to the gods, earliest and most important veda	138
9897095219	Varnas	the caste system	139
9897095220	Jati	birth group, subsection of castes	140
9897095221	Brahmins	rituals and sacrifices ensoure proper functioning of the world, tribal medicine men and sorcerers will find a place here	141
9897095222	Kshatriyas	warrirors and rulers protect and govern society	142
9897095223	Vaisya	commoners that cultivated the land, business clas class or merchants become dominant	143
9897095224	Pure Aryans	Top three classes in Indian caste system are regarded as...	144
9897095225	"twice born"	people are cllaed this because they experienced physical birth and born into status as people of aryan descent	145
9897095226	sudras	servants tot he top castes, not allowed to hear or take part in aryan rituals, little value	146
9897095227	Harijans/untouchables	outside of the varna system, most unclean and polluting jobs	147
9897095228	Lawbook of Manu	book that dealt with proper moral and social behavior	148
9897095229	bear children and maintain home	What are indian women most important job	149
9897095230	Sati	womens dependence on men, a widow must voluntarily throw herself onto the funeral pyre of her deceased husband to join him in death	150
9897095231	Indra	aryan war god, rain, and water; most important god	151
9897095232	Brahmins	In aryan religions, the role of ____ are important	152
9897095233	soma	hallucinogen drug	153
9897095234	800-400 BCE	When were the Upanishads composed	154
9897095235	Upanishads	dialogues from sages to students, emphasized high ethical standards, discouraged greed, envy, gluttony. advocated honesty, self-control, charity, mercy, integrity, and respect to all living things	155
9897095236	Braman	the universal soul	156
9897095237	samsara	reincarnation	157
9897095238	karma	the good/bad deeds that follow to the next life	158
9897095239	moksha	deep dreamless sleep that came from permanent liberation from physical incarnations and become one with brahman	159
9897095240	Brahma	creator god	160
9897095241	Buddhism	religion that emphasized abandoning material goods and living simply	161
9897095242	siddhartha guatama	Who founded buddhism	162
9897095243	49	how many days of meditation did it take SG to reach enlightenment	163
9897095244	The Dharma	Buddhist Doctrine is called the	164
9897095245	Four noble truths, and eightfold path	What was SGs way to enlightenment	165
9897095246	suffering	Noble truth: all life is _____	166
9897095247	end	Noble truth: There is an ____ to suffering	167
9897095248	desire	Noble truth: Removing ______ removes suffering	168
9897095249	eightfold path	Noble truth: Ending suffering may be done through the ________	169
9897095250	less dependence, no caste, moderate consumption, vernacular	What are the appeals of mahayana buddhism	170
9897095251	Stupas	shrines housing relics of the buddha and his 1st disciples that pilgrims venerated	171
9897095252	Monastteries	served as social, economic, and cultural influence for buddhism	172
9897095253	Asoka	supported Buddhism	173
9897095254	Bodhisattavas	men and women who achieved enlightenment and were on threshold of nirvana, but chose to be reborn in order to help others	174
9897095255	Charitable donations	What was regarded as "pious activity" under Manayana buddhism?	175
9897095256	Mahayana Buddhism	"Greater vehicle", newer buddhism	176
9897095257	Buddha and Bodhisttvas	Focus of worship in on the _______ and _______ under Mahayana Buddhism	177
9897095258	Wealthy Class	who did mahayana buddhism attract	178
9897095259	Theravada buddhism	Strict buddhism, give up all material objects	179
9897095260	Mahavira	Who is the founder of Jainism	180
9897095261	540-468 BCE	What was the life span of Mahavira	181
9897095262	Soul	Janiests believe that everything in the universe has a ______.	182
9897095263	Principe of Ahimsa	nonviolence to other living things or souls (influenced Gandhi, MLK Jr)	183
9897095264	Lower class (merchants and scholars)	Who did Jainism appeal to?	184
9897095265	Brahma	creator of the universe	185
9897095266	Vishnu	preserver of the universe	186
9897095267	Shiva	The destroyer	187
9897095268	Ganesha	dictation wisdom, wealth, remover of obstacles	188
9897095269	Vishnu	restores the balance of good and evil	189
9897095270	Ganesha	half man/elephant	190
9897095271	knowledge, mental and physical discipline (yoga), or deep devotion	What are 3 different forms of hindu worship	191
9897095272	Attendance to festivals	Shows more devotion in hindu culture	192
9897095273	Ganges river	sacred indian river	193
9897095274	Hindu Swastika	symbol that means good fortune, luck or well being	194
9897095275	Nazi Swastika	aryan symbol indicating racial purity and superiority	195
9897095276	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty	196
9897095277	war bt cousins in aryan society for control of the kingdom	What was the Mahabharta story about	197
9897095278	106,000	How many verses are in the Mahabarata	198
9897095279	Bhagavad Gita	What is the most important part of the Mahabharta	199
9897095280	dialogue bt Arjuna and Krishna on one's duty of fate and spirit	What was the Bhagavad Giva about	200
9897095281	Ramayana	illustrates the Hindu value; epic talk tracking the adventures of king Rama and his wife sita	201
9897095282	settled agricultural society and better organized political unit	What does the Ramayana reflect more of...	202
9897095283	324-184 BCE	what was the time span of the Mauryan empire	203
9897095284	Mauryan and Gupta empire	What were the two empires where political unity was achieved	204
9897095285	Mauryan Empire	more extensive of the two lasting empires in india	205
9897095286	Chandragupta Mauray	Laid the foundation of the Mauryan Empire	206
9897095287	Magadhi, Bactria	What two regions did Chandragupa overthrow	207
9897095288	Maurya empire	India's 1st centralized empire	208
9897095289	Arthshastra	Chandragupta's government was guided by the political handbook called the _____.	209
9897095290	Bureaucratic	Maurayans built a _____ administartive system like China	210
9897095291	Kalinga	In Asoka's conquest to _____, 1,000s were killed, woulded or deported	211
9897095292	"Peace to all beings"	Asoka ruled by Buddha's teachings, "_____"	212
9897095293	roads	Asoka built extensive ____ to make travel and communication easier	213
9897095294	great rocks and pilished pillars	Asoka publicized his policies on ______	214
9897095295	Economic crisis	follows the death of asoka	215
9897095296	Gupta empire	modeled agter mauryan empire but smaller	216
9897095297	Chandra Gupta	founder of Gupta empire	217
9897095298	600 BCE-600 CE	Time span of the classical age	218
9897095299	currencies	A cause of the fall of the Mauryan empire was frequent devalutations of _____ to play salaries	219
9897095300	185 BCE	When does the Mauryan empire disappear	220
9897095301	500 years	How many years passed before another indigenous state has control over northern India	221
9897095302	Cotton, Black pepper, pearls, gems	What did India trade	222
9897095303	guild of merchants and artisans	Became politically powerful in absence of a strong central government	223
9897095304	Rome	Where did the Indian empires export to?	224
9897095305	Gupta empire	modeled after the mauryan but smaller	225
9897095306	Decentralized	The gupta empire had a highly ______ leadership	226
9897095307	Standing army	how did the gupta empire keep control	227
9897095308	Governors	Control outlying areas	228
9897095309	White Huns	frequent invasions from what group caused the decline of the Gupta empire	229
9897095310	16th century	When do you see much of the indian empire unite	230
9897095311	Mughal Empire	What 16th century empire united India.	231
9897095312	sati	a practice in india where the woman threw herself into her husband's wedding pyre	232