Chapter 21 Vocabulary - AP World History (Strayer) Flashcards
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| 9542565885 | Czar Nicholas II | (1868 - 1918) The last czar of Russia (1894 - 1917) whose reign was cut due to the Russo-Japanese War (1904 - 1905). The revolution of 1905, the influence of Rasputin, Russia's involvement in WWI, and governmental incompetence (all aided in the Revolution of 1917). |  | 0 |
| 9542568071 | Joseph Stalin | (1878 - 1953) A Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party. He established a totalitarian state by purging all opposition. |  | 1 |
| 9542568072 | Mao Zedong | (1893 - 1976) A Chinese Commie leader and theorist. He founded the Chinese Communist Party (1921) and commanded Chinese troops in the Chinese Civil War (1927 - 1949), as well as proclaimed the People's Republic of China (1949). - Chairman of the People's Rupublic of China (1949 - 1959) - Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (1943 - 1976) |  | 2 |
| 9542572127 | The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) | *Founded:* 23 July 1921; 96 years ago *Founder(s):* Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao *Members:* 89.45 Mi (2017) *General secretary:* Xi Jinping The founding and ruling political party of modern China, boasting nearly ninety million members. |  | 3 |
| 9542577941 | Chiang Kai-shek & the Guomindang/Kuomintang (GMD/KMT) | (1887 - 1975) A political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (1928 - 1975). He was a influential member of the Koumintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, and an ally of Sun Yatsen's (1866 - 1925). | 4 | |
| 9543418647 | Sun Yatsen | (1866 - 1925) A Chinese physician, writer, philosopher, calligrapher, and revolutionary. He was the first president and founding father of the Republic of China (1912 - 1912) as well as the premier (first leader) of the Kuomintang (1919 - 1925). |  | 5 |
| 9542584374 | The Zhenotdel, the Marriage Law of 1950 & the Women's Federation | *Zhenotdel:* the women's department of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), was the section of the Russian Communist party devoted to women's affairs in the 1920s. Marriage Law of 1950: a civil marriage law passed in the People's Republic of China on May 1, 1950. It was a radical change from existing patriarchal Chinese marriage traditions, and needed constant support from propaganda campaigns. Women's Federation: a women's rights organization established in China on 24 March 1949. It is responsible for promoting government policies on women, and protecting women's rights within the government. | 6 | |
| 9542590509 | Land collectivization | Under collectivization the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms (kolkhozy). The process was ultimately undertaken in conjunction with the campaign to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly. | 7 | |
| 9542590510 | Five-year plans | A government plan for economic development over five years. The first such plan in the Soviet Union was inaugurated in 1928. This was popular in the USSR. | 8 | |
| 9542595000 | The Great Leap Forward | It was an effort made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of Mao Zedong (also known as Mao Tse-tung) to transform China into a society capable of competing with other Western industrialized nations, within a short, five-year time period. | 9 | |
| 9542595001 | The Chinese Cultural Revolution | A movement in China, beginning in the mid-1960s and led by Mao Zedong, to restore the vitality of communism in China. |  | 10 |
| 9542602264 | Stalin's Terror/Purges & the gulag | *Stalin's Terror/Purges:* a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938. *The gulag:* a system of labor camps maintained in the former Soviet Union from 1930 to 1955 in which many people died. | 11 | |
| 9542602279 | The Warsaw Pact | A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in answer to NATO, the Warsaw Pact included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. |  | 12 |
| 9542605915 | The "Iron Curtain" | The notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989. |  | 13 |
| 9542605916 | The "Bamboo Curtain" | A political and economic barrier between China and noncommunist countries. |  | 14 |
| 9542612324 | Fidel Castro | (1926 - 2016) A Cuban revolutionary and statesman who led the communist overthrow of the Batista dictatorship (1959). - Prime minister of Cuba (1959 - 1976) - President of Cuba (1976 - 2008) |  | 15 |
| 9542612325 | The Cuban Revolution | An armed rebellion against the military regime of Fulgencio Batista. After a protracted guerrilla war, rebels led by Fidel Castro successfully seized power in 1959, ending U.S. dominance over Cuba's economy. |  | 16 |
| 9542615853 | The Cuban Missile Crisis | A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the "hottest" periods of the cold war. | 17 | |
| 9542615854 | Nonalignment | A group of states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. Founded: 1961 (Belgrade, Serbia) Abbreviation: NAM | 18 | |
| 9542615855 | The Cold War | The state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led Western powers from 1945 to 1990. (A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.) |  | 19 |
| 9542619863 | Mutally-assured destruction (MAD) | A doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender. | 20 | |
| 9542619864 | Nikita Khrushchev | (1894 - 1971) A Soviet statesman who became the first secretary of the Soviet Communist Party (1953 - 1964) after Joseph Stalin's death (1953). He initiated a policy to remove the influence of Stalin in 1956. |  | 21 |
| 9542622759 | Deng Xiaoping | (1904 - 1997) A long-time leader of the Communist party in China, he was purged during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution for criticizing the excesses of Mao Zedong, but he returned to power in the 1970s and guided China on a course of pragmatic economic reforms. |  | 22 |
| 9542701111 | The Tianamen Square Protest/Massacre | A bunch of protests (1989) commonly known in mainland China as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, in 1989. The protests were forcibly suppressed after the government declared martial law. | 23 | |
| 9542701112 | Perestroika | Used in the former USSR, it is the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labor efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning. | 24 | |
| 9542701113 | Glasnost | Also used in the former USSR, is it the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985. | 25 | |
| 9542707102 | Mikhail Gorbachev | (1931 -) A Soviet stateman whose foreign policy brought an end to the second Cold War (1985 - 1991) and whose domestic policy introduced reforms. He is a respected leader in national and international affairs. |  | 26 |