Foundations - AP World History Flashcards
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| 4851809759 | Paleolithic Age time period | About 12,000 BC | 0 | |
| 4851809760 | People during Paleolithic | Nomadic | 1 | |
| 4851809761 | Neolithic Age time period | About (8,000-) 15,000 BC to 600 BC | 2 | |
| 4851809762 | People during Neolithic | Begin to settle in communities, civilization begins to emerge | 3 | |
| 4851809763 | River Valley Civilizations time period | About 3,500 to 1,500 BC | 4 | |
| 4851809764 | Classical Civiliztions | About 1,000 BC to 600 CE (600 BC to 600 CE = acceptable) | 5 | |
| 4851809765 | River Valley Civ. characteristics | - complex irrigation systems - legal codes - money - art/written literature - social inequality | 6 | |
| 4851809766 | Mesopotamia - developed when | By 3,500 BCE | 7 | |
| 4851809767 | Mesopotamia - culture | - cuneiform - trade w/ Egypt/Indus river valley - advanced astronomy - polytheism - Kings = powerful, not divine | 8 | |
| 4851809768 | Mesopotamia - political organization | - city-states/warrior kings - Hammurabi's Code - Competition/frequent invasion = less politically stable than Egypt | 9 | |
| 4851809769 | Mesopotamia - social structure | - job specification - social classes - women = veils, upper class women less equal than lower | 10 | |
| 4851809770 | Egypt - developed when | By 3,000 BCE | 11 | |
| 4851809771 | Egypt - culture | - decorative arts/shipbuilding - some medical knowledge - less trade, less adv. in math/sci. than Mesopotamians - polytheism, pharaoh = god, afterlife - hieroglyphics | 12 | |
| 4851809772 | Egypt - political organization | - divine kingship, authoritarian gov. - generally stable gov. - bureaucracy, pharaoh's channel power through regional gov. | 13 | |
| 4851809773 | Egypt - social structure | - some social mobility through bureaucracy - priests = high status - women = higher status than Mesopotamia, importance on male/female relationships | 14 | |
| 4851809774 | Indus Valley - developed when | By 2,500 BCE | 15 | |
| 4851809775 | Indus Valley - culture | - writing system - trade w/ China/Mesopotamia - cruder weapons than Mesopotamia - pottery - polytheism - cities: Harappa/Mohenjo-Dara | 16 | |
| 4851809776 | Indus Valley - Political organization | - complex/centralized - large granaries suggest centralized control | 17 | |
| 4851809777 | Indus Valley - social structure | - priests = high status - strong class distinction - reverence of female fertility | 18 | |
| 4851809778 | Shang China - developed when | By 1,700 BCE | 19 | |
| 4851809779 | Shang China - culture | - oracle bones - complex pictorial language, highly valued, uniform, brings unity - bronze weapons/tools - geographical separation | 20 | |
| 4851809780 | Shang China - political organization | - centralized gov., emperor has power - job specializations | 21 | |
| 4851809781 | Shang China - social structure | - classes: warrior aristocrats, bureaucrats, farmers, slaves - women = wives/concubines/sometimes shamans | 22 | |
| 4851809782 | Meso and S America - developed when | By 1,200 BCE | 23 | |
| 4851809783 | M/S America - culture | - mesoamerica = Olmecs - highly dev. Astronomy - polytheism = important, shamans = healers - irrigation/drainage canals - stonework - well dev. Agriculture - unique geography = coast/mts./jungle | 24 | |
| 4851809784 | M/S America - political structure | Olmecs = not united politically | 25 | |
| 4851809785 | M/S America - social structure | - craft specialization - priests = high status - most people = farmers | 26 | |
| 4851809786 | Agricultural societies | Cultivate crops 8,000 BCE | 27 | |
| 4851809787 | Agricultural societies - tech development | Domestication of plants/animals, iron working, writing systems | 28 | |
| 4851809788 | Agricultural societies - main geographic locations | River valleys (Mesopotamia), Nile River valley, India, China, mesoamerica, Andes | 29 | |
| 4851809789 | Pastoral societies | Domestically animals 8,000 BCE | 30 | |
| 4851809790 | Pastoral societies - tech development | Domestication of horses/camels | 31 | |
| 4851809791 | Pastoral - main geographic locations | Steppes, grasslands, deserts, mountain ranges | 32 | |
| 4851809792 | Foraging societies | Hunting/gathering 35,000 BCE | 33 | |
| 4851809793 | Foraging societies - tech development | Baskets, hunting tools | 34 | |
| 4851809794 | Foraging - main geographic location | Everywhere until sedentary agricultural societies/empires take over fertile areas | 35 | |
| 4851809795 | Common features of Classical Civilizations | - patriarchy - agricultural based economy - complex gov. - expanding trade base | 36 | |
| 4851809796 | Greece - developed when | About 800-300 BCE | 37 | |
| 4851809797 | Greece - culture | - influence from Athens - valued education - political theory - celebration of individual - philosophy/science, logic - highly dev. in the arts/record keeping/ lang. - polytheism | 38 | |
| 4851809798 | Greece - political organization | - no centralized gov. - governing styles vary - tyrants > assembly - strong militia | 39 | |
| 4851809799 | Greece - social structure | -slavery - women = relative freedom, better treated, more equal (Sparta) - status depends on land holdings/sophistication | 40 | |
| 4851809800 | Rome - developed when | About 500 BCE - 476 CE (although eastern half continues for another thousand years) | 41 | |
| 4851809801 | Rome - culture | - perfection in military techniques - conquers, but doesn't oppress - organization/reward - art/lit./philosophy/science derivative from Greece - engineering/architecture (aqueduct/arches) - polytheism - Christianity dev. During empire period | 42 | |
| 4851809802 | Rome - political organization | - two eras = republic (rule by aristocracy, senate = most powerful, 2 consuls to rule) and empire (non-heredity emperor, extensive colonization/military conquest - rule of law not whim of political leader | 43 | |
| 4851809803 | Rome - social structure | - patricians vs. plebeians w/ middle class of merchants - wealth based on land ownership - patriarchy | 44 | |
| 4851809804 | China - develops when | About 500 BCE - 600 CE | 45 | |
| 4851809805 | China - culture | -Confucianism (dev. During late Zhou) - legalism/Taoism dev. - Buddhism appears, not yet influential - Great Wall - Han = "golden age" (trade: Silk Road, inventions: water mills/paper/compasses) - capital of Xi'an = most sophisticated, many large cities | 46 | |
| 4851809806 | China - political organization | - Zhou: Mandate of Heaven, dynastic cycle - political authority controlled by Confucian values, emperor in full control - Shi Huangdi: centralized political power, "1st real emperor" - Han: strong centralized gov. | 47 | |
| 4851809807 | China - social structure | - Family = basic unit of society, loyalty/obedience stressed - wealth based on land - social divide between rural and urban - patriarchy | 48 | |
| 4851809808 | India - culture | - Aryan religious stories = Vedas - Hinduism = dominate - Buddhism begins - great epic lit. - extensive trade | 49 | |
| 4851809809 | India - political structure | - lack of political unity - caste system - no need for strong gov. | 50 | |
| 4851809810 | India - social structure | - castes - decline in status of women during Gupta | 51 | |
| 4851809811 | The Silk Road | Overland trade route extended from W. China, across C. Asia, and the Mediterranean area. (Silk/horses) | 52 | |
| 4851809812 | The Indian Ocean Trade | Important set of water routes actively in place in the classical era. (African + Mid E. w/ India; India w/ SE Asia; SE Asia to Chinese port of Canton) | 53 | |
| 4851809813 | Saharan Trade | Connected people that lived with of the Sahara to the Mediterranean and Mid. E. Carry goods in camel caravans | 54 | |
| 4851809814 | Sub-Saharan Trade | Connected people S of the Sahara to the east and west of Africa, connected to Indian Ocean trade. | 55 |