AP World History Midterm Review Flashcards

8442364693	Where did the idea of the first city state come from?	Sumeria	0
8442364694	The Indus River is located in what modern-day country?	Pakistan	1
8442364695	What is the name of a Sumerian temple?	Ziggurat	2
8442364696	What was the first form of writing?	Cuneiform	3
8442364697	Which is true of hunting and gathering shortly after the development of agriculture?	People tended to somewhat rely on the old techniques	4
8442364698	Hierarchy and patriarchy were found in both agrarian and _____________ societies	Pastoralist	5
8442364699	The above structure, (picture of big, temple looking building), is most closely associated with...	Urban planning in Sumeria	6
8442364700	In the first civilizations, how were monumental construction projects most connected to the process of state/empire building and political consolidation?	Monumental buildings promoted the government by displaying its power and wealth	7
8442364701	What was the significance of Hammurabi's Code?	It was the first organized law code designed to create social order	8
8442364702	What major social changes occurred causing the major religions/philosophies to come about in roughly the same period?	The emergence of new states/empires	9
8442364703	In the above painting, Confucius is presenting a baby Buddha to the Daoist teacher Laozi. This picture is an example of:	Coexistences of various belief systems in China	10
8442364704	Moksha:_____________::_______________:Buddhism	Hinduism, Nirvana	11
8442364705	In what religions did the notion of a single supreme diety (monotheism) first develop?	Judaism and Zoroastrianism	12
8442364706	Passage given: "When a prince's personal conduct..." Question: Who among the following would object the strongest to the political ideology expressed above?	Legalist	13
8442364707	Buddhism spread primarily _____________ from India by _____________.	East, trade and missionaries	14
8442364708	What group of people developed Judaism?	Hebrews	15
8442364709	What is Siddartha Guatama known for?	Founding Buddhism	16
8442364710	Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were all attempts to ______________ in China.	Establish order	17
8442364711	Which economic development between 8000 BCE & 600 BCE resulted in the most profound transformation of social structures?	Large agriculture surplus because of metal tools	18
8442364712	Some people say that women were the first farmers. Which of the following is the best evidence?	Women know about seeds, plants, and growth processes	19
8442364713	What technological innovation contributed the most to the military in Egypt, Anatolia, & Mesopotamia?	Chariots and compound bows	20
8442364714	Passage Given: excerpt from Code of Hammurabi What does the law reinforce about Babylonian civilization?	Social hierarchies	21
8442364715	Passage Given: excerpt from Code of Hammurabi What can you infer from the passage?	Agriculture was a strong focus	22
8442364716	Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution included all but...	Disappearance of hunting and gathering	23
8442364717	Changes caused by the Neolithic Revolution led to...	Establishment of farming communities which led to the development of the first cities	24
8442364718	The Vedas are the writings of the ancient_______ in India	Brahman priests	25
8442364719	What happened to the borders during Ashoka's reign?	They expanded	26
8442364720	What dynasty's official ideology was Confucianism?	Han	27
8442364721	What does the image (yin yang) best represent?	The daost view of opposites leading to harmony	28
8442364722	_____________:Confucius::Daodesing:_______________	Analects, Laozi	29
8442364723	What was Confucius' idea of a "superior man"?	Any man with outstanding moral character	30
8442364724	How did the Buddhist challenge the Hindus?	The rejection of Brahmin religious authority/caste system	31
8442364725	What is the basic principle of Confucianism?	Superiors/leaders must live morally	32
8442364726	What is filial piety best defined as?	Respect for elders	33
8442364727	Early belief systems generally reinforced _________ while also offering new rules & status to some men and women.	Existing social structures	34
8442364728	When looking at effects of Neolithic Revolution on social structures, which source is the most useful?	Ancient law codes	35
8442364729	Map Given Question: What does the map show?	Agricultural regions of early civilizations	36
8442364730	What is an example of economic effect on human societies as a result of the Neolithic Revolution?	The specialization of labor	37
8442364731	What fundamental changes allowed hunters & gatherers to have more stable food supply?	Domestication of animals	38
8442364732	Distinguish the Neolithic Age from Paleolithic Age?	Advent of agriculture	39
8442364733	All of the following are causes of cultural diffusion except...	Culture	40
8442364734	Which of the early civilizations weren't located on Africa/Asia?	Chavin	41
8442364735	True concerning Christians and Buddhists in the early period of decelopment	Shift in some followers towards a monastic life	42
8442364736	Mycenean:___________::_____________:Ancient Rome	Ancient Greece,Etruscoun	43
8442364737	Ashoka & Constantine: What is the most striking difference between relation of each of their religions to the empires they governed?	Constantine's religion was the official religion of the empire, Ashoka's religion regressed minority after death	44
8442364738	In the Han Dynasty, which group rose to the top of the social structure?	Scholars	45
8442364739	Which religion practiced monasticism?	Christianity and Buddhism	46
8442364740	Before Alexander the Great, what was the greatest source of unity in Greek civilization?	Common cultural basis	47
8442364741	Which of the following took place at roughly the same time?	Fall of Han, rise of Gupta, Roman Empire	48
8442364742	Which was not a demographic/social change that occurred during the Bronze Age shortly after the Neolithic Revolution?	Increased equality among social classes	49
8442364743	What economic development between 9000 BCE-600 BCE resulted in the most profound transformation of Social Structures?	Large agricultural surpluses resulting from metal tools	50
8442364744	Daoism influenced Chinese culture in all of the following areas except ________.	Governmental adminstration	51
8442364745	Passage Given: "When a prince's personal conduct is correct his government is effective without issuing of orders..." Question:Ideas expressed in the quotation below became an essential feature of state building in which government?	Han	52
8442364746	What non-codified belief system created a common cultural link between rural peasants & educated urban elites during the Han dynasty?	Ancestor veneration	53
8442364747	The first converts to Christianity derived primarily from...	Lower classes	54
8442364748	The Hindu concept of Samsara is best described by which statement?	A belief that one's soul is reborn many times until its pure enough to escape the cycle of rebirth	55
8442364749	Drawing Given: painting of man looking out at mountains Question: The work of art above reflects values of what Asian belief system?	Daoism	56
8442364750	All of the following were city states n Mesopotamia except...	Mohenjo-daro	57
8442364751	Graph Given: about world population growing over the years Question: The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by...	The widespread diffusion of agricultural practices	58
8442364752	Map Given: map of Africa Question:Which of the following statements about early human migration patterns is supported by the map above?	Earliest archalogical evidence for modern humans in Africa	59
8442364753	What aided the rise of Hittites to become an early empire?	Inventor and use of iron	60
8442364754	What best explains how the division of labor in human societies changed during the Neolithic Revolution?	Men tended to hunt while women were responsible for gathering edible plants. With the advent of agriculture, men became responsible for harvesting crops/women focused on child-bearing	61
8442364755	What is a major difference between the early Hebrew and Vedic religions?	Hebrew was monotheistic, while Vedic was polytheistic	62
8442364756	Moving up the social class structure increases things such as...	Influence	63
8442364757	Compared to early Hebrew law, Babylonian law...	Provided more leniency	64
8442364758	What explanation of Christianity's spread during Roman Empire is most compatible to which phenomenon during the same time period?	Spread of Buddhism in China during the Han Dynasty's decline	65
8442364759	All of the following groups conquered & dispersed various Jewish states during 600 BCE-600 CE except the...	Mauryans	66
8442364760	Which of the following is most associated with Southeast Asian trade?	Srivijaya	67
8442364761	Each of these are technological advancements of the Chinese during the Song Dynasty except...	The camel saddle	68
8442364762	What was the name of the city that linked spice islands into the Indian Ocean?	Malacca	69
8442364763	This is one change to the Social Class Structure in Europe that did not cause a peasant uprising...	Conscription acts forced on unsupportive peasants	70
8442364764	Most European peasant revolts led to what?	Military victories for the nobility, but legal changes caused change to help peasants	71
8442364765	In order to supply food, in Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs did what?	Built floating agricultural islands on the lake (chinampas)	72
8442364766	How were the classicial civilizations in South Asia & China different from the Mediterranean?	Asian civilizations formed a cultural-social synthesis that endured beyond the political dynasties of their classical age	73
8442364767	Salt was dominate in what trade network?	Trans-Saharan	74
8442364768	Which of these is true of the Silk Road between 600 BCE-600 CE?	The volume of trade increased & decreased based on the stability & vitality of the major classical empires	75
8442364769	China used silk to acquire ___________. In order to defend itself against northern invaders.	Horses	76
8442364770	Camels were used in Trans-Saharan, but also in...	Central Asia	77
8442364771	What was the duty of an emperor according to Confucian philosophy?	To act virtuously in order to act as an example for his subjects	78
8442364772	Which of the following is NOT associated with the collapse of all imperial governments between 200 CE-600 CE?	Weakening and disintegration of major belief systems	79
8442364773	A primary cause to the collapse of the Gupta Empire can be credited to...	Weakness of a decentralized state facing external threats	80
8442364774	Which development most significantly increased the volume of Mediterranean trade?	Carthage and its territories falling into Roman lands	81
8442364775	Two religions that diffused the greatest by Afro-Eurasian trade networks were...	Christianity and Buddhism	82
8442364776	Monsoons are seasonal winds that come in 6-month intervals , these primarily affect trade where?	In the Indian Ocean trade network	83
8442364777	The sail on the Daow, which was first used in the Mediterranean then in the Indian Ocean, is called a...	Lateen	84
8442364778	Rock and pillar edicts aided in the spread of which of the following?	Buddhism	85
8442364779	What major social changes occurred causing major religions/philosophies to come about in roughly the same time period?	All of the above: iron technology led to higher productivity/deadlier war, increased commerce led to cultural diffusion, emergence of new empires	86
8442364780	Which of the following best describes classical India between the Mauryan & Gupta empires?	Regionalism	87
8442364781	Which of the following was not an example of environmental damage done by wealthy landowners due to excessive mobilization of resources?	Water pollution	88
8442364782	Map Given: map of Europe and Asia Question: The map above portrays the example of...	Alexander the Great	89
8442364783	China during the Han Dynasty and India during the Gupta Empire were in their "golden ages" because of...	Economic prosperity, improved science/technology, increased development of artistic forms	90
8442364784	Quote Given: Edicts Question: Emperor Ashoka's main purpose behind the above edicts was to...	Demonstrate a concern that justice should be fair	91
8442364785	One of the factors that contributed in the collapse of the Western Roman Empire was...	The decline of Rome's population due to the spread of disease	92
8442364786	Before 600 CE, the Han, Persian, and Roman Empires extended military power by...	Developing supply lines, infrastructure, defensive walls/roads	93
8442364787	Which civilization spread through systematic commercial colonization?	The Greeks	94
8442364788	What 2 cities are most alike in terms of bureaucratic adminstration?	Rome and Han	95
8442364789	What was the primary source of soldiers in the Rome Army?	Conquered people	96
8442364790	Which network of trade was influenced by climate/weather?	The Indian Ocean trade network	97
8442364791	Map Given: Map of Europe Question: Between 1176 CE & 1050 CE all factors caused the spread of Christianity, however the map empathizes...	Efforts of monks and missionaries	98
8442364792	All of the following spread as a result to Bantu migration except...	Improved navigation technology	99
8442364793	Map Given: Map of India Question: The collapse of the Gupta Empire was largely due to the...	Attack of the White Huns	100
8442364794	Early belief systems generally reinforced ___________ while also offering new roles & status to some men & women.	Existing social structures	101
8442364795	Who was the group credited with disrupting the Romans, Guptas, & Han was the...	Huns	102
8442364796	What was the non-codified belief system that created a common cultural link between rural peasants & educated urban cities during China's Han Dynasty?	Ancestor veneration	103
8442364797	The mandatory public service required in the Ince Empire was called...	Mita	104
8442364798	All of the following areas utilized free peasant agriculture except...	West Africa	105
8442364799	The result of an increased demand for luxury items in Europe was...	It created more industrial outputs in China, India, and Persia	106
8442364800	The dominant form of labor organization shown in this example of Medieval Manor was...	Free peasant agriculture	107
8442364801	Under the Sui, Tang Dynasties in China...	Gave state support	108
8442364802	Knight:Western Europe::______:_______	Samurai, Japan	109
8442364803	The dominant economic system during the European Middle Ages was called...	Feudalism	110
8442364804	_________ was the capital of Song Dynasty China, as well as serving as one of the two terminuses for the Grand Canal	Hangzou	111
8442364805	What is false concerning Afro-Eurasian trade?	Trade almost always occurred over land	112
8442364806	Mongols:___________::____________: Caliphates	Khanates, Islamic Empires	113
8442364807	All but _______ is one of the five pillars of Islam	Memorization of the Quran	114
8442364808	What was the primary reason for the splitting of the Sunni and Shia Muslims?	Disagreement concerning who should succeed Muhammed	115
8442364809	The Asian Steppes are located where?	In Central Asia	116
8442364810	Who was the first Christian emperor of Rome?	Constantine	117
8442364811	What are chinampas?	Floating plant beds invented by Aztecs	118
8442364812	New governments such as ________ was found in Western Europe/Japan were decentralized	Feudalism	119
8442364813	Who was most responsible for spreading Black Death in 13-14th centuries?	The Mongols	120
8442364814	Picture Given" Muslim Event Question: This picture represents the central event of a...	Muslim Hajj	121
8442364815	What did the camel saddle, daow ship, the stirrup & the lateen sail have in common?	All of them were devised to overcome environmental barriers to trade	122
8442364816	Internal trade in the Sui Dynasty was greatly stimulated by the...	Construction of the Grand Canal	123
8442364817	The spread of knowledge of Chinese farming techniques is an example of how...	Improvements in the printing process led to the spread of knowledge and new technologies	124
8442364818	Factors that led to an increase in agriculture along with new farming techniques were...	Diffusion of fast-ripening rice from Vietnam	125
8442364819	Han, Persian, and Gupta Empires shared what characteristic?	Sophisticated bureaucracies that aided political administartion	126
8442364820	Quote Given: "Slaves were vital to central economy..." Question: The above description of slaves in the classical period describes what?	Roman slaves	127
8442364821	Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were all attempts to...	Establish order	128
8442364822	Which religion practiced monsaticism?	Christianity and Buddhism	129
8442364823	Over the course of the Han Dynasty, which group rose to the top of social/political hierarchy?	Scholars	130
8442364824	Changes in the Neolithic Revolution led to...	The establishment of farming communities which led to the first cities	131
8442364825	Rebellion by northern tribes dissatisfied Mongol rule, followed by famine in the South, prompted ___________ to launch rebellion for the fall of the Yuan Dynasty in 1368	The Red Turban Society	132
8442364826	Neo-Confucianism became an international movement and spread to where?	Japan, Korea, Vietnam	133
8442364827	Given Quote: peasant revolt in England 1381 Question: What role did religions play in the Peasant Revolt discussed in the passage above?	Peasants used religious beliefs to justify their resistance	134
8442364828	After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, The Catholic Church...	Increased its power and role	135
8442364829	Quanat system was developed as a result of...	The spread of certain crops from South Asia to the Middle East that required greater amounts of water than many native plant types	136
8442364830	Roman architecture was heavily influenced by and had similarities to...	Greek architecture	137
8442364831	Both Roman & Gupta experience difficulty in...	Maintaining political control over vast areas	138
8442364832	All of the following were contributing factors to the fall of the Han & Roman Empires except...	The decrease in the democratic process	139
8442364833	Map Given: Asia Question: The map above shows areas controlled by the...	Han Dynasty	140
8442364834	In spite of customs and traditions honoring motherhood, most imperial societies of the classical period were...	Patriarchies	141
8442364835	Which of the following events led directly to the spread of Buddhist missionaries to Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South India, and the Mediterranean?	The conversion of Ashoka	142
8442364836	Map Given: Asia Question: What is the primary belief system spread on trade routes in this time period?	Buddhism	143
8442364837	Map Given: Asia Question: The routes pictured above were the direct cause of which exchanges?	Cotton cultivation from South Asia to Persia	144
8442364838	What social problems experienced both by Rome & Han in its final decades?	Farmers protested their loss of land to the aristocracy	145
8442364839	Picture Given: Alex's Routes Question: Which of the following was NOT a long term effect of the camp. of Alex of Macedonia pictured above?	Hellenistic culture became a permanent feature of Persia and Central Asia	146
8442364840	Which developments most LIMITED the spread of Christianity outside Europe?	The development/spread of Islam throughout Middle East and North Africa	147
8442364841	Although patriarchy was dominant in most areas, places such as West Africa and __________ tended to be more matriarchal	Southeast Asia	148
8442364842	What labor organization was primarily used by the Aztecs?	Slave/unfree	149
8442364843	Decreased invasions, more reliable transport, warmer temperatures and increased availability of labor all led to what?	Urban revival	150
8442364844	Increased agriculture and industrial productivity resulted in what?	All of the above: Increased population, increased urban and trade	151
8442364845	Of the following types of labor organization, which was most likely to be found in Asian Steppes?	Nomadic Pastoralism	152
8442364846	Quote Given: Foot-binding passage Question: The above practice described was used during the _______ Dynasty	Song	153
8442364847	As opposed to the relativity of Christianity and Buddhism, Islam was expanded primarily by...	Military conquest	154
8442364848	To assist with navigation, the ________ created ___________.	Arabs, Astrolabe	155
8442364849	Which is true of the Song Dynasty in China?	printing with movable type was developed during the dynasty	156
8442364850	What was the group most associated with the fall of the Song Dynasty?	The Mongols	157
8442364851	Sogdian diasporic communities were located primarily in...	Central Asia	158
8442364852	Which was a former Russian city that was a vital artery for the Hanseatic League?	Novgorod	159
8442364853	Which is false concerning Indian Ocean trade up to 810?	Slave trade was the primary focus	160
8442364854	The introduction of the ________ had the greatest impact on Trans-Saharan trade in the early centuries.	Camel	161
8442364855	Muslim writer who traveled throughout Islam and would report what he saw...	Ibn Battuta	162
8442364856	Picture Given: Temple-looking building Question: The above building was built by the _________ empire in the capital city of ____________.	Byzantine, Constantinople	163
8442364857	In the 9th century CE, the Tang Dynasty was weakened by conflicts between who?	Buddhism and Confucianism	164
8442364858	In 1054...	The Catholic Church split creating Orthodox faith	165
8442364859	Which groups were treated as "people of the book" in lands under Islamic Rule?	Christians and Jews	166
8442364860	What was the center of commerce/trade in the northern Adriatic Sea and eventually the Mediterranean Sea region in 1000 CE>	Venice	167
8442364861	What is the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances?	Mercantilism	168
8442364862	Which of the following described the Mongol Empire's role in Trans-Eurasian trade?	Reestablished Silk Roads between Asia and Europe	169
8442364863	Innovations in land-based trade had what long term effect on Eurasia?	Increase in production and movement of luxury items	170
8442364864	Which of the following accurately compares trade cities with trade centers in East Asia?	Cities in Northern Europe led to independently formed organizations to protect trade, East Asian commerce benefitted from centralized government	171
8442364865	What was the clearest effect of the growth in agricultural productivity?	Massive population increase	172
8442364866	Christianity was accepted/spread mostly through the ________ & _________ empires in 476 CE.	Roman and Byzantine	173