AP World History Unit 4 - Jones Flashcards
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| 5911584814 | Nomadic life of Mongols and Turks | Social mobility- merit (for both); Religion- turks: sharmans (paganism) & mongols: Lamaist school of buddhism; military- turks: confederations under a khan (king), cavalries & mongols: cavalry, short bows, horseback | 0 | |
| 5911584815 | Battle of Manzikert | Byzantine Empire vs Seljuk Turks; turks invade Anatolia; Turks conquer Constantinople and rename Istanbul | 1 | |
| 5911584816 | Mahmud of Ghanzi | Invades northern India; plunder to rule | 2 | |
| 5911584817 | Chinnggis (Genghis) Khan | "Universal ruler"; "surrender or die"; controls most of China under Mongolian rule | 3 | |
| 5911584818 | Expanse of Khubilai Khan's empire | Established Yuan Dynasty; tries to invade Japan but fails due to kamikaze | 4 | |
| 5911584819 | China under Mongol Rule | Pax-Mongolia (peace similar to Pax-Romania); strict separation from Chinese; safest time to travel | 5 | |
| 5911584820 | Trade under Mongols | Long-distance trade & resettlement policies | 6 | |
| 5911584821 | Marco Polo | Italian traveler that goes to China, is welcomed by Khubilai Khan, and when he returns 17 years later is thrown in jail, but stories become best selling | 7 | |
| 5911584822 | Four Regional Empires | Mughai, Safavid, Ottoman | 8 | |
| 5911584823 | Ilkhan Ghazan | Attempts to replace metal currency with paper money | 9 | |
| 5911584824 | Tamarlane | "Next genghis khan"; Timur the Lame; united nomads in Khanate of Chaghatai | 10 | |
| 5911584825 | Osman | Leader who dominates part of Anatolia | 11 | |
| 5911584826 | New Crops in Africa | Bananas | 12 | |
| 5911584827 | Kinship groups | Stateless, segmented societies ruled by elders of families | 13 | |
| 5911584828 | Kingdom of Mali | Predominately Muslim; extends over Kingdom of Ghana | 14 | |
| 5911584829 | Kingdom of Ghana | African gold trade, capital of Koumbi Saleh | 15 | |
| 5911584830 | Sundiata | "Rags to riches" story; took advantage of trans-Saharan trade | 16 | |
| 5911584831 | Mansa Musa | Grand nephew to Sundiata; performed hajj and showered people on the way with gold that effected economy for many years to come | 17 | |
| 5911584832 | Swahili States | Kilwa is a major trading center | 18 | |
| 5911584833 | Zimbabwe | "Dwelling of the chief"; stone complex | 19 | |
| 5911584834 | Trans-Saharan Trade | Camels now a use of transportation | 20 | |
| 5911584835 | Influence of Islam in Africa | one male god; religious specialists called Diviners | 21 | |
| 5911584836 | Age Grades | Peer groups of single age cohor similar to a string of school (elementary school, etc.) | 22 | |
| 5911584837 | Al bin Muhammad | Mounts revolt of 15,000 slaves | 23 | |
| 5911584838 | Otto I & the Pope | Crowned emperor; revived half of Charlemagne's empire | 24 | |
| 5911584839 | Hugh Capet | King of France succeeds last Carolingian Emperor; slowly expands authority out of Paris; Capetian Dynasty | 25 | |
| 5911584840 | William of Normandy | defeated King Harold at Battle of Hasting; created census known as doomsday book; king of England | 26 | |
| 5911584841 | Political Structure of Italy | city-states; Papal state controlled by Pope; displace church control | 27 | |
| 5919412908 | Muslim Iberia | control Iberian Peninsula until Christian conquest of Spanish Muslim territorties | 28 | |
| 5919504821 | Agriculture in Feudal Society | increasing development with less invasions; new crops include BEANS | 29 | |
| 5919527939 | Urbanization in Middle Ages | Mediterranean trade; textile production of wool; towns demand charters | 30 | |
| 5919561907 | Three Estates | Pray-clergy; fight-knights; work-peasants | 31 | |
| 5919566368 | Chilvary | Code of Conduct for Nobles | 32 | |
| 5919868213 | Troubadours | Class of traveling poets, minstrels, entertainment | 33 | |
| 5919868214 | Guilds | Price and quality control | 34 | |
| 5919868215 | St. Thomas Aquinas | Proponent of scholasticism | 35 | |
| 5919904671 | St. Francis/ St. Dominic | Creates order of mendicants; vows of poverty | 36 | |
| 5919904672 | Waldensians | (Southern France, Northern Italy) doctrinal differences with Catholic Churches (sabbath, purgatory, religious relics) | 37 | |
| 5919904673 | Pope Urban II | Liberation of Jerusalem from Muslim control; council of Clermont | 38 | |
| 5919904674 | Crusade I | Attempt to take holy land; captures Jerusalem | 39 | |
| 5919904675 | Crusade IV | Destroys Constantinople | 40 | |
| 5919904676 | Saladin (Salah al-Din) | Recaptures Jerusalem | 41 | |
| 5921735927 | Teotihucan | "Toltecs"; settle at Tula; distant trade with Mayan Culture cause of downfall | 42 | |
| 5921735928 | Mexica | "Aztecs"; settle at Tenochtitlan; Itzcóatl, Motecuzoma create triple alliance | 43 | |
| 5921735929 | Chinampa System | Dredged soil from lake bottom to create fertile plots of land (7 crops a year) | 44 | |
| 5921735930 | Aztec Social Hierarchy | High stature for soldiers; aristocratic class | 45 | |
| 5921735931 | Role of Women in Mexica | Patriarchal stature; emphasis of child bearing | 46 | |
| 5921735932 | Calpulli | Communal groups | 47 | |
| 5921735933 | Gods of Mexica | Tezcatlipoca "smoking mirror" god of life and death; Quetzalcoatl "the feathered serpent" god of arts and agriculture; Huitzilopochtli, god of war and blood sacrifice | 48 | |
| 5921735934 | Reasons for Sacrifice | Blood of victims sustained the sun and kept rain coming | 49 | |
| 5921735935 | Iroquois Nations | Woodlands east of the Mississippi River included Mohawk, Oneida, Onondage, Cayuga, and Seneca | 50 | |
| 5921735936 | Cahokia | Large mound near St. Louis; center of trade | 51 | |
| 5921735937 | Quipo | Mnemonic aid to keep track of things | 52 | |
| 5921735938 | Incan Mummies | Social elites dominated by infallible king; worship of ancestors | 53 | |
| 6000166509 | Ibn Battuta | Islamic scholar who gave strict punishment according to Sharia | 54 | |
| 6000166510 | Silk Roads and Sea Lanes (types of trades) | Magnetic compass (china); Indian-ocean basin , trans-Saharan caravan | 55 | |
| 6000166511 | Pope Innocent IV | Invites Mongols to convert to Christianity; mongols offended and give them ultimatum | 56 | |
| 6000166512 | Rabban Sauma | Nestorian Christian priest sent to Pope by mongols; proposes attack on Jerusalem | 57 | |
| 6000166513 | Gunpowder | 1. Increase diets 2. Increase population 3. Increase economic development 4. Mariners could sail safely 5. Leads to spread of gunpowder | 58 | |
| 6000166514 | Origins of the Plague | Spreads from southwest China by Mongols | 59 | |
| 6000166515 | Bubonic plague | Spread by rats and fleas | 60 | |
| 6000166516 | Pneumonic plague | Spread through air from person to person | 61 | |
| 6000166517 | Impact of the Plague | Inflamed lymph nodes; 60-70% mortality rate; Indian and Sub-Saharan unaffected; 25% of Europe died | 62 | |
| 6000166518 | Hongwu | Orphan raised by Buddhist monks who establishes Ming Dyansty | 63 | |
| 6000166519 | Rise of Powerful States in Europe | Taxing (Italy- bonds; France- salt & sales; England- hearth & head & plow) and building of large armies (French Louis XI) | 64 | |
| 6000166520 | Fernando and Isabel | Major political & economic alliance through marriage that completes Reconquista and expands beyond Iberian Peninsula | 65 | |
| 6000166521 | Renaissance | "Rebirth" inspired by Classical Greece & Rome; Italy was center | 66 | |
| 6000166522 | Cathedral of Florence | Domed cathedrals that imitated Rome | 67 | |
| 6000166523 | Erasmus | Publishes critical Greek- Latin edition of New Testament | 68 | |
| 6000166524 | Humanism | Movement focused on worldly subjects and human potential | 69 | |
| 6000166525 | Zheng He | 7 massive naval expeditions meant to impose imperial control and intimidate/impress foreigners | 70 | |
| 6000166526 | Portugal Expansion | (Three G's: God, Gold, Glory) Prince Henrique (Henry the Navigator) seizes strait of Gibraltar; Bartholomew Dias sails Cape of Good Hope; Columbus | 71 |