AP World History Chap 18&19 Flashcards

5850521937	Atlantic System	The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin.	0
5850523747	Dutch West India Company	Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.	1
5850523748	plantocracy	In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the eighteenth century.	2
5850526006	driver	A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation.	3
5850526007	chartered companies	Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies.	4
5850527917	manumission	A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave.	5
5850527918	maroon	A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America.	6
5850529453	capitalism	An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.	7
5850531945	mercantilism	An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought	8
5850545274	Royal African Company	A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa.	9
5850545275	Atlantic Circuit	The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system.	10
5850547241	Middle Passage	The part of the Great Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.	11
5850547242	Songhai	a West African empire that conquered Mali and controlled trade from the 1400s to 1591	12
5850547243	Hausa	Peoples of northern Nigeria; formed states following the demise of Songhay Empire that combined Muslim and Pagan traditions	13
5850549255	Bornu	A powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important int trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. Endured form the ninth century to the end of the nineteenth.	14
5850549256	Ottoman Empire	Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire.	15
5850553317	Suleiman the Magnificent	The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean.	16
5850553318	Janissaries	Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.	17
5850556071	Tulip Period	Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul.	18
5850557798	Safavid Empire	An empire in Iran which initially supported its calvary by way of land grants. The empire was very focused on land power. Chieftains, scholars, and notables served as intermediaries between the government and the people.	19
5850562513	Shiites	Muslims that believe that only direct descendants of Muhammad should become caliph	20
5850573831	Hidden Imam	12th descendant of Ali who disappeared as a child	21
5850575414	Shah Abbas I	The fifth and most renowned ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Iran. He moved the royal capital to Isfahan in 1598.	22
5850575415	Mughal Empire	Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.	23
5850578000	Akbar	Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.	24
5850578001	mansabs	In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire.	25
5850581014	Rajputs	Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar I married a Rajput princess.	26
5850582490	Acheh Sultanate	Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641.	27
5850582491	Oman	Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southwest region of the Arabian peninsula. Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century.	28
5850584372	Swahili	Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa.	29
5850584373	Batavia	Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta.	30