AP World History: Classical Civilization--India, Pt. 2 Flashcards

4949887465	Epic/Vedic Age	1500-700 B.C.E +/-	0
4949887466	Hinduism	Developed gradually over time, and has no single founder or central holy figure.	1
4949887467	Artha	Economic and political goals embedded in Hinduism.	2
4949887468	Varuna	Originally god of the sky who came to be the guardian of ideas of right and wrong.	3
4949887469	Upanishads	Hindu writings that stressed the shallowness of worldly concerns in favor of contemplation of the divine spirit.	4
4949887471	Brahma(n)	Basic holy essence. The eternal being that created and preserves the world. All encompassing including all of creation. Has many manifestations called devas.	5
4949887472	Brahmins	The highest ranking varna. The priestly class.	6
4949887476	Yoga	Self-discipline practice that means "union," that pursues freeing the mind to concentrate on the divine spirit.	7
4949887477	Dharma	A person's spiritual duties and obligations, which he or she must follow to achieve liberation.	8
4949887478	Karma	The sum effect of a person's actions, both good and bad, which shape future experiences.	9
4949887479	Moksha	Liberation; release from the cycle of reincarnation, and joining on with Atman.	10
4949887480	Samsara	Reincarnation; the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth a person follows before achieving liberation.	11
4949887481	Bhagavad Gita	Classic sacred hymn about a warrior who is sent to do battle against his own relatives.	12
4949887482	Accommodation	Aspect of Hinduism that allowed for extreme spirituality, rules of conduct for everyday life, and an emphasis on the distinction between good and evil behavior.	13
4949887483	Siddhartha Gautama	Became the Buddha, or "enlightened one."	14
4949887484	Buddha	Accepted the Hindu belief of reincarnation, but denied the practice of caste.	15
4949887487	Panchatantra	Literary work that included stories such as Sinbad the Sailor and Jack the Giant.	16
4949887488	Aryabhatta	Indian scholar who calculated the length of the solar year.	17
4949887489	Zero	Mathematical concept invented by Indians, but it and the "Arabic" numbering system were imported second hand from Arabs.	18
4949887490	Stupa	A spherical shrine to Buddha sponsored by Ashoka.	19
4949887491	Stylized	Indian art that moved away from realistic portrayals of the human form.	20
4949887492	Hierarchy	Both the caste system and family structures emphasized a male dominated existence.	21
4949887493	Arranged Marriage	Contracted by parents for their children, especially girls, to ensure solid economic links.	22