AP World History Chapter 5 Note cards Flashcards

7362562784	Legalism	Philosophy used by Qin Shihuangdi of China. Legalism includes a pessimistic view on human beings, therefore, starting the whole "harsh punishment/little reward" concept which united the kingdoms of China that was fighting during the warring state period. Anti-Confucianism, causing the slaughtering of many Confucian-scholars under Qin Shihuangdi.	0
7362562785	Confucianism	Created by Confucius, Confucianism is the philosophy of relationships of superior to inferior. Since Confucius believed that humans can improve, it focused on education instead of laws. Rather optimistic instead of the pessimistic way of Legalism	1
7362562786	Ban Zhao	Female writer who wrote Lessons for Women, basing on the teaching of Confucianism. Pretty much suggested that women should receive education so they can give birth to intelligent sons. Similar to the thoughts of Hitler and Romans.	2
7362562787	Daoism	Created by Laozi, Daoism is rather distinct from Confucianism. Laozi thought that education is useless and one should just withdraw into nature and take no parts in government. Sometimes, Daoism is considered as a compliment to Confucianism. I consider Daoism as rather a hippie-ish belief. (Personal thoughts, don't be hatin'...)	3
7362562788	Vedas	Collecting of sacred texts compiled by Brahmins. People who believed in Hinduism hired Brahmins to use it and perform expensive rituals and ceremonies. Brahmins abused the power and used the power to gain wealth and social status, often received criticism.	4
7362562789	Upanishads	Hindu sacred writings, their classical philosophy. Composed by anonymous thinkers between 800 and 400 BCE. Sought to explain some of the rituals in the Vedas and inner meanings. Highly philosophical and mystical.	5
7362562790	Siddhartha Guatma	Founder of Buddhism. Known as "the Buddha." Achieved enlightenment after heavy meditation and "soul searching." Philosophy focuses on the search for inner peace and enlightenment by letting go of worldly possessions and stress. Gained many followers and	6
7362562791	Theravada/Mahayana	Two branches of Buddhism. Theravada is favored in India due to its traditional values and rituals. Mahayana favored in China for its loser values and view of Buddha as a spiritual or divine figure.	7
7362562792	Bhagavad Gita	Often considered the most important of the Hindu writings. Consists of a poem describing the conversation between the god Krishna and the warrior Arjuna. This in turn outlines the expectation of Hindus.	8
7362562793	Zoroastrianism	Religion founded in Persia. Based on the idea of good versus evil and there being one powerful god, known as Ahura Mazda. Influenced most future monotheistic religions, such as Judaism and Christianity.	9
7362562794	Judaism	A monotheistic religion of the Jews. Founded by Abraham, it's principle beliefs are founded in the Torah and Talmud	10
7362562795	Greek Rationalism	The Greek philosophical belief system. It focused not on the gods, but on worldly things: both physical and metaphysical. They believed human reasoning could come up with an answer for their existence.	11
7362562796	Socrates, Plato, Aristotle	The premier 'thinkers' of classical Greece. Expanded the intellectual world and the ideas of the world at the time.	12
7362562797	Jesus of Nazareth	A teacher from Bethlehem. His teachings lay the base of Christianity.	13
7362562798	Saint Paul	A follower of Jesus of nazareth. He was a missionary to the Gentiles and also a prominent figure in the Catholic sect of Christianity.	14