Biochemistry Flashcards

10039912748	Carbon compounds	contain carbon, make up living things Can form 4 bonds Bonds can be with other elements or carbon Can be lots of shapes and sizes	0
10039912749	Functional groups	Special groups of atoms that usually participate in reactions Give different compounds different properties All functional groups important to life are polar	1
10039912750	Hydrophilic	Water loving	2
10039912751	Hydrophobic	Water hating	3
10039912752	Macromolecules	Gigantic molecules, thousands of atoms	4
10039912753	4 Types of Macromolecules	Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids	5
10039912754	Monomers	Individual building blocks of polymers	6
10039912755	Polymers	Chains of identical or similar molecules	7
10039912756	Carbohydrates	Main source of energy for cellular work	8
10039912757	Organic	Mostly carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H)	9
10039912758	Inorganic	Other elements, little or no C	10
10039912759	Dehydration Synthesis	Added monomers lose H or OH Release water Bond at oxygen - forms a bridge Polymer formed Building polymers/monomers together	11
10039912760	Hydrolysis Reaction	Water added to break bonds in polymers Reverse of dehydration synthesis Breaking polymers apart	12
10039912761	4 Characteristics of Carbohydrates	Made up of rings (or ring looking structure) Made up of ration CH2O End in "ose" OH (hydroxyl group)	13
10039912762	Monosaccharide	monomer Simple sugar	14
10039912763	Disaccharide	2 monosaccharides bonded Double sugar	15
10039912764	Polysaccharide	3 or more monosaccharides bonded Complex carb	16
10039912765	Function of Carbs	Short term energy Storage: polysaccharides	17
10039912766	Glycogen	How animals store excess sugar Mostly stored in liver and muscle cells When your glucose levels are low, broken down	18
10039912767	Starch	How plants store extra sugar Humans and other animals can break down Examples: potatoes, plantains, rice	19
10039912768	Cellulose	Structural Make plants rigid Cell walls Can't be broken down by humans and animals Examples: corn, legumes, lettuce	20
10039912769	Lipids	Made mostly of C and H, some O and P Mostly nonpolar Hydrophobic Common lipids: fat, oils, waxes	21
10039912770	Main Function of Lipids	Energy storage (long term)	22
10039912771	Additional functions of lipids	Cushioning and insulation	23
10039912772	Monomers that make up lipids	Glycerol and fatty acids	24
10039912773	Saturated Fat	No double bonds in the fatty acid Solid at room temperature SATURATED with hydrogens	25
10039912774	Unsaturated Fat	Double bonds in the fatty acid Liquid at room temperature	26
10039912775	Trans Fat	Really bad for you - causing cancer, diabetes, obesity, other health concerns	27
10039912776	Phospholipids	Glycerol with only two fatty acids Major component of CELL MEMBRANES Form a double layer in water	28
10039912777	Waxes	Protective coat for fruits and animals	29
10039912778	Hormones	Steroids	30
10039912779	Proteins (Function)	Structure, storage, defense, transport, and speeding up reactions Found in hair, muscles, feathers Common foods: meat, eggs, nuts	31
10039912780	Proteins (Structure)	Monomers: amino acids Amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen and R group Only 20 different R genes Polymers: polypeptides STRUCTURE = FUNCTION	32
10039912781	Protein Synthesis	Link between the C and the N: peptide bond 2 amino acids joined = dipeptide bond	33
10039912782	Primary Protein Structure	Chain of amino acids	34
10039912783	Denaturation	Unravel/altar structure of a protein DESTROY	35
10039912784	Secondary Protein Structure	Folding/coiling pattern	36
10039912785	Tertiary Structure	Overall 3D shape	37
10039912786	Quaternary Structure	Multiple polypeptide chains twisted together	38
10039912787	Nucleic Acids Function	Store and transmit genetic information Heredity/genetics	39
10039912788	Nucleic Acid monomers	Nucleotides	40
10039912789	Two types of nucleic acids	DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA - Ribonucleic Acid	41
10039912790	Nucleic Acid Structure	Made of C, H, O, N and P 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base	42