Ap Biology Chapter 2 Flashcards

4745024289	Biology	A multidisciplinary science	0
4745027086	Element	A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions	1
4745029221	Compound	a substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio	2
4745034771	C.O.H.N	Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen make up 96% of living matter	3
4745038067	Salts (Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur)	The remaining 4% is comprised of these	4
4745043178	Trace elements	Elements that are required by an organism but only in trace amounts	5
4745046255	Daltons	The measurement of Neutron mass and Proton mass	6
4745049215	Atomic number	The number of Protons/Electrons	7
4745053979	Mass number	The sum of the Protons and Neutrons	8
4745056686	Atomic mass	The atom's total mass (can be approximated by the mass number)	9
4745060518	Isotopes	Two atoms of an element that differ in the number of electrons	10
4745063508	Radioactive Isotopes	Decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy	11
4745067516	Applications of radioactive isotopes	Dating fossils, Tracing atoms through metabolic processes, and Diagnosing medical disorders	12
4745069679	Energy	The capacity to cause change	13
4745070403	Potential energy	The energy that matter has because of its location or structure	14
4745074899	Electrons of an atom	differ in the amounts of potential energy	15
4745076503	Electron shell/energy level	an electrons state of potential energy depends on	16
4745085281	Chemical behavior	the distribution of electrons in electron shells determines	17
4745092483	Valence electrons	Determines the chemical behavior	18
4745104837	Orbital	A three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time	19
4745111597	Chemical bonds	Attractions between atoms with full valence electrons	20
4745113745	Covalent bond	2 atoms that equally share a pair of valence electrons	21
4745118491	Structural formula	The notation used to represent atoms and bonding H-H	22
4745120486	Molecular formula	An abbreviated version of the structural formula H2	23
4745123206	Molecule	2 or more atoms that are held together by covalent bonds	24
4745124925	Valence	the bonding capacity of an atom	25
4745125984	Electronegativity	An atom's attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond	26
4745129606	Non-polar covalent bonds	The atoms share the electron equally	27
4745131043	Polar covalent bonds	One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally	28
4745133655	Ionic bonds	Stripping/giving an electron instead of sharing	29
4745135935	Ion	A charged atom	30
4745136215	Cation	A positively charged ion	31
4745136872	Anion	A negatively charged ion	32
4745137929	Ionic bond	The attraction between an anion and a cation	33
4745139286	Ionic compounds/salts	Compounds formed by ionic bonds	34
4745144176	Covalent bonds	The stronger bond	35
4745146783	Ionic/Hydrogen bonds	The weaker bonds	36
4745149011	Weak chemical bonds	Help reinforce shapes of large molecules and help molecules adhere to each other	37
4745151223	Hydrogen bonds	When a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom (usually oxygen and hydrogen atoms)	38
4745162273	Van Der Waals interactions	Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of these charges	39
4745165698	S/P orbitals	The orbitals that hybridize in covalent bonds which creates a specific molecular shape	40
4745174221	Chemical Equilibrium	When the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal	41