AP BIology DNA Replication Flashcards

8170248506	DNA Replication	the process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis	0
8170248516	Antiparallel	subunits run in opposite directions	1
8170248521	Semiconservative Model	the two strands of the parental molecule separate and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand- most common	2
8170248524	Replication Fork	a Y shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound	3
8170248525	Helicases	enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and make them available as template strands	4
8170248526	Single Strand Binding Proteins	Bind to the unpaired DNA strands keeping them from repairing	5
8170248527	Topoisomerase	The untwisting of double helix causes tighter twisting and strain ahead of replication fork Relieve this strain by breaking swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands	6
8170248528	Primer	The initial nucleotide chain that is produced during DNA synthesis is actually a short stretch of RNA	7
8170248529	Primase	Synthesizes the primer Starts a complementary RNA chain from a single RNA nucleotide, adding more RNA nucleotides one at a time, using the parental DNA strand as a template	8
8170248530	DNA polymerase III	The main enzyme that catalyze the synthesis of a new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain	9
8170248531	Leading strand	Strand that continuously adds nucleotides to the new complementary strand as the fork progresses	10
8170248532	Lagging Strand	The strand that DNA polymerase III builds moving away from the replication fork Synthesized discontinuosly as a series of segments	11
8170248533	Okazaki fragments	Series of segments that are 1000-2000 nucleotides long. Made due to the discontinuous building of the lagging strand.	12
8170248534	DNA Ligase	joins the sugar phosphate backbones of all the Okazaki fragments and replaced primers into a continuous DNA strand	13
8170248536	DNA polymerase I	Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides	14
8170248544	Chromatin	complex of DNA and protein	15