APES Ocean Flashcards

8070243410	Mangrove Forest	Ecosystem with large salt tolerant trees that help protect the shoreline from storms	0
8070257604	Kelp Forest	Ecosystem with large seaweed and home to sea otters and sea urchins	1
8070265891	Coral Reefs	Ecosystem that is found in warm tropical areas and is home to lots of different species	2
8070273126	Open Ocean	Ecosystem that is away from the shoreline and has many migratory animals	3
8070277006	Abyssal Plain	The deepest ecosystem. Very dark with strange creatures like the angler fish.	4
8070285039	Antarctic	South Pole. Very cold. Home to penguins.	5
8070292072	Arctic	North Pole. Very cold. Home to polar bears.	6
8070298783	Mudflats and Salt march	Intertidal area. Organisms must be adapted to extreme conditions.	7
8070309011	Hydrothermal Vents	Supplies nutrients from the Earth's mantle. Bacteria can convert these nutrients into food using chemosynthesis.	8
8070317426	Bathyal Zone	Middle zone of the open ocean. Dimly lit	9
8070320598	Abyssal zone	Bottom zone of the open ocean. No light. High in nutrients.	10
8070324666	Euphotic zone	Top zone of the open ocean. Light. Photosynthesis.	11
8070327362	Coastal Zone	Coastal area of the ocean. Home to 90% of known marine species.	12
8070330520	Nekton	Large marine organisms. Fish, sharks, marine mammals, etc.	13
8070336506	Plankton	Microscopic organisms that live in the ocean.	14
8070339652	Benthos	Bottom dwellers in the ocean. Ex: oyster, crabs, star fish	15
8070343294	Surface Currents	Currents driven by wind.	16
8070345719	Thermohaline currents	Currents driven by difference in density due to temperature and salinity	17
8070349020	Bycatch	Organisms that were unintentionally caught by commercial fisheries.	18
8070357357	Longline	Type of fishing method where a long line with hooks is cast from a boat	19
8070365234	Bottom-trawling	Type of fishing method where a large net is dragged along the bottom of the ocean	20
8070370336	Driftnet	Type of fishing method where a net is cast from a boat and is left to drift in the ocean	21
8070374085	Deep Horizon	Largest oil spill in US history. 2010	22
8070377154	Exxon Valdez	Oil spill in Alaska in 1989	23
8070384380	Zooxanthellae	Algae that live in the polyps of coral	24
8070386459	H2CO3	Carbonic Acid	25
8070389904	CaCO3	Calcium Carbonate. What shells and coral skeleton are made of	26
8070400551	HCO3-	Bicarbonate	27
8070402939	H+	Ion that makes solutions acidic	28
8070404993	Ocean Acidification	Caused by excess carbon dioxide dissolving in the ocean	29
8070409118	Coral Bleaching	Caused by the warming of ocean temperatures and leads to the loss of symbiotic algae from coral	30
8070418637	Bioaccumulation	The buildup of toxins in an individual throughout its lifetime	31
8070420610	Biomagnification	The increase in toxins as one moves up the food chain	32
8070423274	Mercury	Pollutant that comes from coal burning power plants. Can lead to neurological damage	33
8070429090	PCBs	Pollutant from industry and commercial waste. Banned in the US in 1979.	34
8070435105	Red Tides	Algae that produce toxins that are dangerous to wildlife	35
8070443024	Marine Protected Area	Restricts human activity in these areas	36
8070446219	Marine Reserves	Zones in the ocean where humans can not catch fish.	37
8070448614	Marine Mammal Protection Act	Protects all marine mammals in US waters	38
8070458233	Booms and skimmers	Mechanical way to clean up oil spill. Like a vacuum.	39