AP Biology Meiosis - Live Flashcards
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| 7836887721 | crossing over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. |  | 0 |
| 7836887722 | gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). Codes for RNA, polypeptides, and proteins |  | 1 |
| 7836887723 | synapsis | Pairing of homologous chromosomes. homologous chromosomes loosely pair up -align gene by gene -get together with homologous pair |  | 2 |
| 7836887724 | X chromosome | The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child. | 3 | |
| 7836887725 | Y chromosome | The sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child | 4 | |
| 7836887726 | genetic recombination | the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents | 5 | |
| 7836887727 | haploid | A cell with only one copy of each chromosome.gamete -contains a single set of chromosomes -n |  | 6 |
| 7836887728 | diploid | A cell with two copies of each chromosome.has two sets of chromosomes -human # is 46 -2n | 7 | |
| 7836887729 | karyotype | Micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size |  | 8 |
| 7836887730 | genome | consists of all the DNA in a cell -holds specific genetic traits | 9 | |
| 7836887731 | somatic cell | have two sets of chromosomes -go through mitosis -nonreproductive body cells | 10 | |
| 7836887732 | gamete | have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells -go through meiosis -reproductive cells | 11 | |
| 7836887733 | homologous chromosome | 2 chromosomes in each pair -same length and shape -carry genes controlling the same inherited characters |  | 12 |
| 7836887734 | fertilization | the union of gametes (sperm and egg) | 13 | |
| 7836887735 | zygote | fertilized egg -one set of chromosomes from each parent -diploid cell produces somatic cells by mitosis | 14 | |
| 7836887736 | prophase I | occupies more than 90% of the time required for meiosis -chromosomes condense -synapse and crossing over -tetrads and chiasmata | 15 | |
| 7836887737 | meiosis | the production of gamete cells | 16 | |
| 7836887738 | tetrad | a paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids | | 17 |
| 7836887739 | sister chromatid | the two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell |  | 18 |
| 7836887740 | sex chromosome | a chromosome that determines whether on individual is a male or female | 19 | |
| 7836887741 | autosome | a chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism | 20 | |
| 7836887742 | sexual | the fusion of gametes | 21 | |
| 7836887743 | asexual | not involving the fusion of gametes. | 22 | |
| 7836887744 | chiasmata | a point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur between the strands. |  | 23 |
| 7836887745 | variation | a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits. | 24 | |
| 7836887746 | random fertilization | source of genetic variation caused by the unlimited number of possible sperm & egg combinations | 25 |