AP Flashcards

6525130245	Acid rain	rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions	0
6525146013	Agglomeration	A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities.	1
6525147903	Agglomeration economies	The savings to an individual enterprise derived from locational association with a cluster of other similar economic activities, such as other factories or retail stores	2
6525149360	Air pollution	pollution of the atmosphere	3
6525151558	Aluminum industry (factors of production, location)	manufacturers of aluminum considered as a group	4
6525151559	Assembly line production/Fordism	industrial arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers for continuous flow of work pieces in mass production operations, each movement of material is made as simple and short as possible	5
6525154916	Bid rent theory	geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.	6
6525154917	Break-of-bulk point	A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.	7
6525158025	Canadian industrial heartland	the St. Lawrence Valley - Ontario Peninsula	8
6525159676	Carrier efficiency	An organization that provides communications and networking services	9
6525159677	Comparative advantage	An organization that provides communications and networking services	10
6525161689	Cumulative causation	an expression of the multiplier effect, it tends to favor major cities and core regions over less-advantaged peripheral regions	11
6525161690	Deglomeration	The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition.	12
6525163645	Deindustrialization	process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment	13
6525163646	Economic sectors	primary secondary tertiary quaternary	14
6525166696	Economies of scale	as a company produces larger numbers of a particular product, the cost of each of these products goes down	15
6525166697	Ecotourism	ourism to exotic or threatened ecosystems to observe wildlife or to help preserve nature	16
6525170198	Energy resources	natural resources that provide people with energy	17
6525170199	Entrepôt	a port where merchandise can be imported and re-exported without paying import duties	18
6525174645	Export processing zone	areas where governments create favorable investments and trading conditions to attract	19
6525180984	Fixed costs	costs that do not vary with the quantity of output produced	20
6525180985	Footloose industry	industry in which the cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for the location of firms	21
6525183623	Four Tigers		22
6525183624	Greenhouse effect	warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere	23
6525185403	Growth poles	economic activities that are deliberately organized around one or more high-growth industries	24
6525187089	Heartland/rimland	Heartland is the central region of a country or continent; especially a region that is important to a country or to a culture. Rimland is the maritime fringe of a country or continent.	25
6525190721	Industrial location theory	Alfred Weber, the selection of optimal factory locations has much to do with the minimization of land, labor, resource, and transportation costs, variable-cost framework that affects location of factory sites	26
6525193457	Industrial regions (place, fuel source, characteristics)	Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, East Asia	27
6525194856	Industrial Revolution	the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production	28
6525194857	Industry (receding, growing)	R industry is diminishing in size and importance G industry is increasing in size and importance	29
6525197497	Infrastructure	the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.	30
6525197498	International division of labor	the highest form of the social and territorial division of labor; the specialization of countries in the production of particular types of products, which they use for exchange	31
6525199369	Labor-intensive	Labor intensive refers to a process or industry that requires a large amount of labor to produce its goods or services.	32
6525199370	Least-cost location	Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration.	33
6532771328	Major manufacturing regions	Great Lakes Brazil Central England tokyo	34
6532771329	Manufacturing exports	The place in which the production and manufacturing of goods is exported.	35
6532774951	Manufacturing/warehouse location	Based on the principle of agglomeration	36
6532774952	Maquiladora	Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.	37
6532778522	Market orientation	a philosophy that assumes that a sale does not depend on an aggressive sales force but rather on a customer's decision to purchase product	38
6532778523	Multiplier effect	expansion of economic activity caused by the growth or introduction of another economic activity	39
6532780393	NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement	40
6532782476	Outsourcing	contracting out selected functions or activities of an organization to other organizations that can do the work more cost efficiently	41
6532782477	Ozone depletion	thinning of Earth's ozone layer	42
6532784809	Plant location (supplies, "just in time" delivery)	factory is located close to market and supplier to reduce need for stalk items, and supplies, "Just in time" delivery.	43
6532787181	Postindustrial	of or relating to a society or economy marked by a lessened importance of manufacturing and an increase of services, information, and research	44
6532787182	Refrigeration	the process of cooling or freezing (e.g., food) for preservative purposes	45
6532790090	Resource crisis	When resources for a national or global market run low.When resources for a national or global market run low.	46
6532790091	Resource orientation	tendency for an industry or other type of economic activity to locate close to its resources	47
6532792857	Special economic zones (China)	Improved transportation, lower taxes, and other incentives attracted investments from foreign businesses.	48
6532792858	Specialized economic zones	specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment.	49
6532794781	Substitution principle	Principle that maintains that the correct location of a production facility is where the net profit is the greatest.	50
6532794782	Threshold/range	The population required to make provision of services economically feasible.	51
6532797169	Time-space compression	through processes such as globalization time is accelerated and the significance of space is reduced	52
6532797170	Topocide	The deliberate killing of a place through industrial expansion and change, so that its earlier landscape and character are destroyed.	53
6532798871	Trade (complementarity)	the idea that one country can produce products that another country can't; the other country will then trade for those products with its own products that the other country can't produce	54
6532805286	Transnational corporation	A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries	55
6532805287	Ubiquitous	specific industry is inseparable from target market	56
6532806934	Variable costs	expenses that change with the number of products produced	57
6532806935	Weber, Alfred	Creator of the model that states that the optimum location of a manufacturing firm is explained in terms of cost minimization.	58
6532809595	Weight-gaining	finished products weigh more than raw materials, so the factory needs to be close to the market	59
6532811697	Weight-losing	raw materials weigh more than the finished product, so the factory needs to be close to the resources	60
6532811698	World cities	a group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce	61