AP Language Exam Review Flashcards

10076597848	Rhetorical triangle	The relationship between speaker, audience and subject	0
10076597849	1. Alliteration	repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence	1
10076597850	Allusion	Brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictional) or to a work of art	2
10076597851	Anaphora	Repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.	3
10076597852	Antimetabole	: Repetition of words in reverse order	4
10076597853	Antithesis	Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	5
10076597854	Archaic diction	old-fashion or outdated choices of words	6
10076597855	Asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	7
10076597856	Cumulative sentence	sentences that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	8
10076597857	Hortative sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, entrants, implores, or calls to action.	9
10076597858	Imperative sentence	Sentence used to command or enjoin	10
10076597859	Inversion	Invert the order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order.)	11
10076597860	12. Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.	12
10076597861	Metaphor	Figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as	13
10076597862	Oxymoron	A paradox made up of two seeming contradictory words	14
10076597863	Parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	15
10076597864	Periodic sentence	Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.	16
10076597865	Personification	Attributing of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.	17
10076597866	Rhetorical question	Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer.	18
10076597867	Synecdoche	Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole.	19
10076597868	Zeugma	Use of two different word in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings.	20
10076597869	Argument	A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer.	21
10076597870	Claim	States the author's argument, main idea, or position.	22
10076597871	Claim of fact	Asserts that something is true or not	23
10076597872	Claim of policy	Proposes a change	24
10076597873	Claim of value	Attempt to prove that some things are good or bad, right or wrong.	25
10076597874	The classical oration	Five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians.	26
10076597875	Introduction	Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion.	27
10076597876	Narration	provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.	28
10076597877	Confirmation	usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.	29
10076597878	Refutation	address the counter argument. It is a bridge between the writer proof needed to make the writers case.	30
10076597879	Conclusion	Brings the essay to a satisfying close.	31
10076597880	Closed thesis	this type of thesis is a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	32
10076597881	Open thesis	is one that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	33
10076597882	First-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observation, or general knowledge of events.	34
10076597883	Second-hand evidence	evidences that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinions, and quantitative data.	35
10076597884	Quantitative evidence	evidence that includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represent in numbers—for instance, statistics, surveys, polls, census information.	36
10076597885	Rebuttal	gives voice to possible objections.	37
10076597886	Syllogism	A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion.	38
10076597887	Style	the unique way an author presents his ideas. Diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to a particular style.	39
10076597888	Diction	a speaker's choice of words.	40
10076597889	Ad hominem	tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker.	41
10076597890	Ad populum (bandwagon)	evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it so it must be a good thing to do."	42
10076597891	Appeal to false authority	someone who has no expertise to speak in an issues is cited as an authority.	43
10076597892	Begging the question	a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It 'begs" a question whether the support itself is sound.	44
10076597893	Circular reasoning	which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.	45
10076597894	Either/or (false dilemma)	the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choice.	46
10076597895	Logical fallacy	potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it.	47
10076597896	Post hoc ergo propter hoc	it is incorrect to always claim that something happened is a cause just because it happened earlier.	48
10076597897	Strawman	when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea.	49
10076597898	Cacophony	harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary work.	50
10076597899	Colloquial	the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone.	51
10076597900	Euphemism	a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way if saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable.	52
10076597901	Euphony	the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sound in literary work.	53
10076597902	Invective	a verbally abusive attack.	54
10076597903	Motif	repetition of an image or idea in a work used to develop theme or characters.	55
10076597904	Parody	comic imitation of a work that ridicules the original. It can be utterly mocking or gently humorous.	56
10076597905	Reductio ad absurdum	technique useful in creating a comical effect and is also an argument technique.	57
10076597906	Syntax	the grammatical structure of prose and poetry.	58
10076597907	Understatement	opposite of an exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	59
10076597908	Metonymy	figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea.	60
10076597909	Bitter	caused by or expressive of severe pain, grief, or regret	61
10076597910	Sardonic	disdainfully or skeptically humorous : derisively mocking	62
10076597911	Sarcastic	given to the use of sarcasm	63
10076597912	Ironic	relating to, containing, or constituting irony	64
10076597913	Mocking	to treat with contempt or ridicule	65
10076597914	Scornful	to be full of scorn	66
10076597915	Satiric	of, relating to, or constituting satire	67
10076597916	Objective	expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations	68
10076597917	Naïve	marked by unaffected simplicity	69
10076597918	Joyous	to be or feel joyful	70
10076597919	Spiritual	of, relating to, consisting of, or affecting the spirit	71
10076597920	Wishful	expressive of a wish	72
10076597921	Nostalgic	a wistful or excessively sentimental yearning for return to or of some past period or irrecoverable condition	73
10076597922	Idyllic	pleasing or picturesque in natural simplicity	74
10076597923	Compassionate	having or showing compassion	75
10076597924	Reverent	expressing or characterized by reverence	76
10076597925	Lugubrious	to be mournful	77
10076597926	Elegiac	written in or consisting of elegiac couplets	78
10076597927	Gothic	of or relating to a style of fiction characterized by the use of desolate or remote settings and macabre, mysterious, or violent incidents	79
10076597928	Macabre	dwelling on the gruesome	80
10076597929	Vituperative	uttering or given to censure	81
10076597930	Scathing	bitterly severe	82
10076597931	Confidential	marked by intimacy or willingness to confide	83
10076597932	Facetious	joking or jesting often inappropriately	84
10076597933	Critical	inclined to criticize severely and unfavorably	85
10076597934	Resigned	to give up deliberately	86
10076597935	Astonished	feeling or showing great surprise or wonder	87
10076597936	Mock-serious	of a pretended serious look or act	88
10076597937	Pedantic	narrowly, stodgily, and often ostentatiously learned; dull	89
10076597938	Didactic	designed or intended to teach	90
10076597939	Remorseful	motivated or marked by remorse	91
10076597940	Disdainful	full of or expressing contempt for someone or something regarded as unworthy or inferior	92
10076597941	Laudatory	of, relating to, or expressing praise	93
10076597942	Mystified	to perplex the mind of	94
10076597943	Reflective	marked by reflection	95
10076597944	Maudlin	drunk enough to be emotionally silly	96
10076597945	Sentimental	marked or governed by feeling, sensibility, or emotional idealism	97
10076597946	Patriotic	befitting or characteristic of a patriot	98
10076597947	Jingoistic	extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy	99
10076597948	Detached	exhibiting an aloof objectivity usually free from prejudice or self-interest	100
10076597949	Indignant	marked by anger aroused by injustice	101
10076597950	Intimate	very familiar	102
10076597951	Judgmental	authoritative and often having critical opinions	103
10076597952	Jovial	happy	104
10076597953	Lyrical	expressing a poet's inner feelings; emotional; full of images; song-like	105
10076597954	Matter-of-fact	accepting of conditions; not fanciful or emotional	106
10076597955	Morose	gloomy, sullen, surly, despondent	107
10076597956	Malicious	purposely hurtful	108
10076597957	Optimistic	hopeful, cheerful	109
10076597958	Obsequious	polite and obedient in order to gain something	110
10076597959	Caustic	intense use of sarcasm; stinging, biting	111
10076597960	Conventional	lacking spontaneity, originality, individuality	112
10076597961	Disdainful	scornful	113
10076597962	Derisive	ridiculing, mocking	114
10076597963	Earnest	intense, a sincere state of mind	115
10076597964	Erudite	learned, polished, scholarly	116
10076597965	Fanciful	using the imagination	117
10076597966	Forthright	directly frank without hesitation	118
10076597967	Gloomy	darkness, sadness, rejection	119
10076597968	Haughty	proud and vain to the point of arrogance	120
10076597969	Accusatory	Charging of wrong doing	121
10076597970	Apathetic	Indifferent due to lack of energy or concern	122
10076597971	Awe	Solemn wonder	123
10076597972	Cynical	Questions the basic sincerity and goodness of people	124
10076597973	Condescension; condescending	a feeling of superiority	125
10076597974	Callous	unfeeling, insensitive to feelings of others	126
10076597975	Contemplative	studying, thinking, reflecting on an issue	127
10076597976	Critical	finding fault	128
10076597977	Choleric	Hot-tempered, easily angered	129
10076597978	Contemptuous	showing or feeling that something is worthless or lacks respect	130