AP Language Exam Review Flashcards

9835245650	Rhetorical triangle	The relationship between speaker, audience and subject	0
9835245651	1. Alliteration	repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence	1
9835245652	Allusion	Brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictional) or to a work of art	2
9835245653	Anaphora	Repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.	3
9835245654	Antimetabole	: Repetition of words in reverse order	4
9835245655	Antithesis	Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	5
9835245656	Archaic diction	old-fashion or outdated choices of words	6
9835245657	Asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	7
9835245658	Cumulative sentence	sentences that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	8
9835245659	Hortative sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, entrants, implores, or calls to action.	9
9835245660	Imperative sentence	Sentence used to command or enjoin	10
9835245661	Inversion	Invert the order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order.)	11
9835245662	12. Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.	12
9835245663	Metaphor	Figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as	13
9835245664	Oxymoron	A paradox made up of two seeming contradictory words	14
9835245665	Parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	15
9835245666	Periodic sentence	Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.	16
9835245667	Personification	Attributing of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.	17
9835245668	Rhetorical question	Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer.	18
9835245669	Synecdoche	Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole.	19
9835245670	Zeugma	Use of two different word in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings.	20
9835245671	Argument	A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer.	21
9835245672	Claim	States the author's argument, main idea, or position.	22
9835245673	Claim of fact	Asserts that something is true or not	23
9835245674	Claim of policy	Proposes a change	24
9835245675	Claim of value	Attempt to prove that some things are good or bad, right or wrong.	25
9835245676	The classical oration	Five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians.	26
9835245677	Introduction	Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion.	27
9835245678	Narration	provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.	28
9835245679	Confirmation	usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.	29
9835245680	Refutation	address the counter argument. It is a bridge between the writer proof needed to make the writers case.	30
9835245681	Conclusion	Brings the essay to a satisfying close.	31
9835245682	Closed thesis	this type of thesis is a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	32
9835245683	Open thesis	is one that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	33
9835245684	First-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observation, or general knowledge of events.	34
9835245685	Second-hand evidence	evidences that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinions, and quantitative data.	35
9835245686	Quantitative evidence	evidence that includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represent in numbers—for instance, statistics, surveys, polls, census information.	36
9835245687	Rebuttal	gives voice to possible objections.	37
9835245688	Syllogism	A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion.	38
9835245689	Style	the unique way an author presents his ideas. Diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to a particular style.	39
9835245690	Diction	a speaker's choice of words.	40
9835245691	Ad hominem	tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker.	41
9835245692	Ad populum (bandwagon)	evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it so it must be a good thing to do."	42
9835245693	Appeal to false authority	someone who has no expertise to speak in an issues is cited as an authority.	43
9835245694	Begging the question	a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It 'begs" a question whether the support itself is sound.	44
9835245695	Circular reasoning	which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.	45
9835245696	Either/or (false dilemma)	the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choice.	46
9835245697	Logical fallacy	potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it.	47
9835245698	Post hoc ergo propter hoc	it is incorrect to always claim that something happened is a cause just because it happened earlier.	48
9835245699	Strawman	when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea.	49
9835245700	Cacophony	harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary work.	50
9835245701	Colloquial	the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone.	51
9835245702	Euphemism	a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way if saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable.	52
9835245703	Euphony	the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sound in literary work.	53
9835245704	Invective	a verbally abusive attack.	54
9835245705	Motif	repetition of an image or idea in a work used to develop theme or characters.	55
9835245706	Parody	comic imitation of a work that ridicules the original. It can be utterly mocking or gently humorous.	56
9835245707	Reductio ad absurdum	technique useful in creating a comical effect and is also an argument technique.	57
9835245708	Syntax	the grammatical structure of prose and poetry.	58
9835245709	Understatement	opposite of an exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	59
9835245710	Metonymy	figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea.	60
9835245711	Bitter	caused by or expressive of severe pain, grief, or regret	61
9835245712	Sardonic	disdainfully or skeptically humorous : derisively mocking	62
9835245713	Sarcastic	given to the use of sarcasm	63
9835245714	Ironic	relating to, containing, or constituting irony	64
9835245715	Mocking	to treat with contempt or ridicule	65
9835245716	Scornful	to be full of scorn	66
9835245717	Satiric	of, relating to, or constituting satire	67
9835245718	Objective	expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations	68
9835245719	Naïve	marked by unaffected simplicity	69
9835245720	Joyous	to be or feel joyful	70
9835245721	Spiritual	of, relating to, consisting of, or affecting the spirit	71
9835245722	Wishful	expressive of a wish	72
9835245723	Nostalgic	a wistful or excessively sentimental yearning for return to or of some past period or irrecoverable condition	73
9835245724	Idyllic	pleasing or picturesque in natural simplicity	74
9835245725	Compassionate	having or showing compassion	75
9835245726	Reverent	expressing or characterized by reverence	76
9835245727	Lugubrious	to be mournful	77
9835245728	Elegiac	written in or consisting of elegiac couplets	78
9835245729	Gothic	of or relating to a style of fiction characterized by the use of desolate or remote settings and macabre, mysterious, or violent incidents	79
9835245730	Macabre	dwelling on the gruesome	80
9835245731	Vituperative	uttering or given to censure	81
9835245732	Scathing	bitterly severe	82
9835245733	Confidential	marked by intimacy or willingness to confide	83
9835245734	Facetious	joking or jesting often inappropriately	84
9835245735	Critical	inclined to criticize severely and unfavorably	85
9835245736	Resigned	to give up deliberately	86
9835245737	Astonished	feeling or showing great surprise or wonder	87
9835245738	Mock-serious	of a pretended serious look or act	88
9835245739	Pedantic	narrowly, stodgily, and often ostentatiously learned; dull	89
9835245740	Didactic	designed or intended to teach	90
9835245741	Remorseful	motivated or marked by remorse	91
9835245742	Disdainful	full of or expressing contempt for someone or something regarded as unworthy or inferior	92
9835245743	Laudatory	of, relating to, or expressing praise	93
9835245744	Mystified	to perplex the mind of	94
9835245745	Reflective	marked by reflection	95
9835245746	Maudlin	drunk enough to be emotionally silly	96
9835245747	Sentimental	marked or governed by feeling, sensibility, or emotional idealism	97
9835245748	Patriotic	befitting or characteristic of a patriot	98
9835245749	Jingoistic	extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy	99
9835245750	Detached	exhibiting an aloof objectivity usually free from prejudice or self-interest	100
9835245751	Indignant	marked by anger aroused by injustice	101
9835245752	Intimate	very familiar	102
9835245753	Judgmental	authoritative and often having critical opinions	103
9835245754	Jovial	happy	104
9835245755	Lyrical	expressing a poet's inner feelings; emotional; full of images; song-like	105
9835245756	Matter-of-fact	accepting of conditions; not fanciful or emotional	106
9835245757	Morose	gloomy, sullen, surly, despondent	107
9835245758	Malicious	purposely hurtful	108
9835245759	Optimistic	hopeful, cheerful	109
9835245760	Obsequious	polite and obedient in order to gain something	110
9835245761	Caustic	intense use of sarcasm; stinging, biting	111
9835245762	Conventional	lacking spontaneity, originality, individuality	112
9835245763	Disdainful	scornful	113
9835245764	Derisive	ridiculing, mocking	114
9835245765	Earnest	intense, a sincere state of mind	115
9835245766	Erudite	learned, polished, scholarly	116
9835245767	Fanciful	using the imagination	117
9835245768	Forthright	directly frank without hesitation	118
9835245769	Gloomy	darkness, sadness, rejection	119
9835245770	Haughty	proud and vain to the point of arrogance	120
9835245771	Accusatory	Charging of wrong doing	121
9835245772	Apathetic	Indifferent due to lack of energy or concern	122
9835245773	Awe	Solemn wonder	123
9835245774	Cynical	Questions the basic sincerity and goodness of people	124
9835245775	Condescension; condescending	a feeling of superiority	125
9835245776	Callous	unfeeling, insensitive to feelings of others	126
9835245777	Contemplative	studying, thinking, reflecting on an issue	127
9835245778	Critical	finding fault	128
9835245779	Choleric	Hot-tempered, easily angered	129
9835245780	Contemptuous	showing or feeling that something is worthless or lacks respect	130