AP Language Unit 1 Terms Flashcards
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| 7915153094 | essay | a short piece of writing on a particular subject. | 0 | |
| 7915153095 | rhetoric | the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques. | 1 | |
| 7915153096 | argument | a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong. | 2 | |
| 7915153097 | counter-argument | an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. | 3 | |
| 7915153098 | concession | the act or an instance of conceding (as by granting something as a right, accepting something as true, or acknowledging defeat) | 4 | |
| 7915153099 | context | the parts of a discourse that surround a word or passage and can throw light on its meaning | 5 | |
| 7915153100 | assumption | a fact or statement taken for granted | 6 | |
| 7915153101 | refutation | to prove wrong by argument or evidence | 7 | |
| 7915153102 | persuasion | to move by argument, entreaty, or expostulation to a belief, position, or course of action | 8 | |
| 7915153103 | subject (SOAPS) | The general topic, content, and ideas contained in the text | 9 | |
| 7915153104 | occasion or context (SOAPS) | The time, place, context, or current situation of the piece. | 10 | |
| 7915153105 | audience (SOAPS) | The group of readers to whom this piece is directed | 11 | |
| 7915153106 | purpose (SOAPS) | The reason behind the text | 12 | |
| 7915153107 | speaker or persona (SOAPS) | The voice which tells the story. | 13 | |
| 7915153108 | Aristotelian Triangle |  | 14 | |
| 7915153109 | analysis | a detailed examination of anything complex in order to understand its nature or to determine its essential features | 15 | |
| 7915153110 | an opinion vs. a position | Opinion: personally held belief, usually not backed up by solid evidence but by intellectual logic and emotional engagement. Position: A claim backed by actually substantial evidence | 16 | |
| 7915153111 | Rogerian Argument | a negotiating strategy in which common goals are identified and opposing views are described as objectively as possible in an effort to establish common ground and reach agreement. | 17 | |
| 7915153112 | Claims of Fact | Non-negotiable statements that use factual, undeniable evidence to back up. | 18 | |
| 7915153113 | Claims of Value | Attempt to prove that some things are more or less desirable than others. | 19 | |
| 7915153114 | Claims of Policy | Asserts that specific plans or courses of action should be instituted as solutions to problems | 20 | |
| 7915153115 | Open Thesis | a general opinion and position that is taken on a topic without going into it specific details. Ex: Pollution harms the environment | 21 | |
| 7915153116 | Closed Thesis | directly states what the topics in you paper are going to be. Ex: Vanilla Ice Cream is the best kind of ice cream because it's you can add as many toppings as you want, it is a classic, and it tastes good. | 22 | |
| 7915153117 | Counter-Argument Thesis | considers a possible argument against the thesis or some aspect of your reasoning Ex: Although the Harry Potter series may have some literary merit, its popularity has less to do with storytelling than with merchandising. | 23 | |
| 7915153118 | ethos | establishing authority; appeals to character or authority | 24 | |
| 7915153119 | logos | appeals to logic and reason | 25 | |
| 7915153120 | pathos | appeals to emotions | 26 | |
| 7915153121 | tone | the attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. | 27 | |
| 7915153122 | denotation | a direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated idea | 28 | |
| 7915153123 | connotation | the suggesting of a meaning by a word apart from the thing it explicitly names or describes | 29 | |
| 7915153124 | narration | the act of telling a story | 30 | |
| 7915153125 | objective | not influenced by personal feelings | 31 | |
| 7915153126 | induction | a method of reasoning that moves from specific instances to a general conclusion | 32 | |
| 7915153127 | deduction | a method of reasoning from the general to the specific | 33 | |
| 7915153128 | style | the way a writer writes | 34 | |
| 7915153129 | diction | choice of words | 35 | |
| 7915153130 | syntax | the actual way in which words and sentences are placed together in the writing | 36 | |
| 7915153131 | metaphor | When one thing is used to represent another (but doesn't use like/as) | 37 | |
| 7915153132 | simile | When one thing is used to represent another (must use like/as) | 38 | |
| 7915153133 | personification | When an inhuman thing is given human-like qualities | 39 | |
| 7915153134 | hyperbole | extravagant exaggeration | 40 | |
| 7915153135 | aphorism | a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner. Ex: The simplest questions are the hardest to answer | 41 | |
| 7915153136 | juxtaposition | a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts | 42 | |
| 7915153137 | parallelism | the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same Ex: Like father, like son | 43 | |
| 7915153138 | antithesis | a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect; literally means opposite Ex: Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit | 44 | |
| 7915153139 | oxymoron | figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect Ex: Original copies | 45 | |
| 7915153140 | metonymy | figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated Ex: The White House is concerned about terrorism. 'The White House' refers to the people working there | 46 | |
| 7915153141 | anaphora | the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect Ex: My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration. | 47 | |
| 7915153142 | rhetorical sentence (Question) | a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer. | 48 | |
| 7915153143 | hortative sentence | a sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action. Ex: Just try it at least once! | 49 | |
| 7915153144 | imperative sentence | a sentence that gives a command Ex: Do your homework. | 50 | |
| 7915153145 | cumulative sentence | a sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases. Ex: I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the mall. | 51 | |
| 7915153146 | periodic sentence | a sentence that has the main clause or predicate at the end. Ex: In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued. | 52 | |
| 7915153147 | inversion | a literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter. Ex: What a beautiful picture it is! | 53 | |
| 7915153148 | imagery | to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Ex: It was dark and dim in the forest. | 54 | |
| 7915153149 | allusion | a word or phrase designed to call something to mind, without mentioning that thing explicitly. Ex: His opponent was looking for his Achilles' heel to beat him. | 55 | |
| 7915153150 | composition (visual) | the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art |  | 56 |
| 7915153151 | Toulmin Model |  | 57 | |
| 7915153152 | Logical Fallacies | an erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention | 58 | |
| 7915153153 | Assertion | superlative claim without evidence | 59 | |
| 7915153154 | Bandwagon | persuasive technique and a type of propaganda through which a writer persuades his readers, so that the majority could agree with the argument of the writer. Ex: "Everybody's doing it, so it must be good!" | 60 | |
| 7915153155 | Straw Man | Substituting a person's actual position or argument with a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of the position of the argument. Ex: Zebedee: What is your view on the Christian God? Mike: I don't believe in any gods, including the Christian one. Zebedee: So you think that we are here by accident, and all this design in nature is pure chance, and the universe just created itself? Mike: You got all that from me stating that I just don't believe in any gods? | 61 | |
| 7933495932 | sequence | the identification of the components of a story, such as the beginning, middle, and end, and also to the ability to retell the events within a given text in the order in which they occurred. | 62 | |
| 7933495933 | chronology | the arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence. | 63 | |
| 7933495934 | subjective | Based on personal feelings. | 64 | |
| 7933495935 | Lesser of Two Evils Fallacy | Falsely assuming that there are only two options | 65 | |
| 7933495936 | Name Calling (Ad Hominem) Fallacy | An attack, or an insult, on the person, rather than directly addressing the person's reasons | 66 | |
| 7933495937 | Plain Folks Fallacy | When the speaker presents him or herself as an average Joe — a common person who can understand and empathize with a listener's concerns | 67 | |
| 7933495938 | Testimonial Fallacy | False Authorities incorrectly invoke the backing of well-known public figures to support a conclusion | 68 | |
| 7933495939 | Transfer Fallacy | falsely linking one thing to another authority | 69 | |
| 7933495940 | Card-stacking (selective omission) | when one seeks to manipulate audience perception of an issue by emphasizing one side and repressing another | 70 | |
| 7933495941 | Glittering Generalities | an emotionally appealing phrase so closely associated with highly valued concepts and beliefs that it carries conviction without supporting information or reason. Ex: Glory | 71 | |
| 7956041148 | Synecdoche | a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. Ex: calling a car "wheels"; a part of a car "wheels" stands for the whole car. | 72 | |
| 7956069338 | Asyndeton | a stylistic device used to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy. Ex: "He eats, sleeps, drinks." | 73 | |
| 7962208008 | Post hoc ergo propter hoc Fallacy | false belief that because it happened before, therefore it will happen again | 74 | |
| 7962217872 | Circular Reasoning Fallacy | Using the claim to back up a claim Ex: "it's great because it's great" | 75 | |
| 7962230751 | antimetabole | a literary term or device that involves repeating a phrase in reverse order. Ex: "Eat to live, not live to eat." | 76 | |
| 7962238565 | zeugma | a figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas. Ex: "John lost his coat and his temper" | 77 |