AP English Language & Composition Exam Flashcards

9637397666	Diction	Word choice	0
9637402232	Syntax	The ordering of words in a sentence; it describes sentence structure	1
9637426044	Style	The manner of expression. It describes how the author uses language top get his or her point across (e.g., pedantic, scientific, and emotive)	2
9637435369	Tone	The attitude, mood, or sentiments revealed by the style. Tone describes how the author seems to be feeling (e.g., optimistic, ironic, and playful)	3
9637451915	Point of view	The stance revealed by the style and the tone of the writing. The author's point of view expresses his or her position on the topic discussed	4
9637486090	Rhetoric	The art of speaking or writing effectively. It is often referred to as the stylistic devices an author uses to appeal successfully to a specific audience and is usually persuasive in nature	5
9637494531	Figurative language	Speech or writing that departs from literal meaning to achieve a special effect or meaning	6
9637564536	Logos	An appeal to reason and logic	7
9637564537	Pathos	An appeal to emotions, values, or desires of the audience	8
9637564538	Ethos	An appeal to the speakers credibility- whether they are to be believed on the basis of their character and expertise	9
9637647954	Imagery	Figurative language that is used to convey a sensory perception (visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile)	10
9637658572	Hyperbole	Overstatement or exaggeration; it is the use of figurative language that significantly exaggerates the facts for effort	11
9637689179	Understatement	Figurative language that presents the facts in a way that makes them appear much less significant than they really are	12
9637695068	Simile	A comparison between two unlike objects, in which the two parts are connected with a term such as like or as	13
9637707283	Metaphor	A simile without a connecting term such as like or as	14
9637725839	Extended metaphor	A metaphor that lasts longer than just one phase or sentence	15
9637743534	Symbol	A word that represents something other than itself	16
9637750047	Denotation	Refers to a word's primary or literal significance	17
9637750048	Connotation	Refers to the vast range of other meanings that a word suggests	18
9637854713	Paradox	Contains two elements which cannot be true at the same time	19
9637862466	Oxymoron	When two seemingly contradictory words are paired together	20
9637902036	Personification	The figurative device in which inanimate objects or concepts are given human qualities	21
9637920234	Anthropomorphism	A specific type of personification wherein animals are given human qualities	22
9637926931	Rhetorical question	A question whose answer is obvious; these types of questions don't need to be answered	23
9637928418	Bombast	Language that is overly rhetorical, especially when considered in context	24
9637966970	Pun	A play on words	25
9637994347	metonymy	One term is substituted for another term with which it is closely associated Ex. The sailors drank a glass of heart red. -Sailors cannot drink red. However the color represents wine (red wine)	26
9638019715	Synecdoche	A form of metonymy that's restricted to cases where a part is used to signify the whole Ex. All hands on deck -The hands represents the sailors	27
9638038225	Theme	A general idea contained in a text. A theme is not just an ideal; it is an idea that is developed	28
9638120836	Aphorism	A concise, pithy statement of an opinion or a general truth	29
9638166534	Malapropism	The mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect	30
9638173361	Circumlocution	1) Talking around a subject 2) Talking around a word It is often used to communicate different points of view	31
9638261232	Euphemism	A word or words that are used to avoid employing an unpleasant or offensive term	32
9638311169	Verbal irony	The process of stating something but meaning the opposite of what is stated	33
9638353593	Sarcasm	Verbal irony with the intent to injure.	34
9638385225	Situational irony	Refers to a situation that runs contrary to what was expected	35
9638394646	Satire	Something is portrayed in a way that's deliberately distorted to achieve comic effect. A social or political criticism that relies heavily on irony, sarcasm, and often humor	36
9638441354	Parody	Imitation for comic effect	37
9638441409	Lampoon	Sharp ridicule of the behavior or character of a person institution	38
9638445432	Caricature	A ludicrous exaggeration of the defects of persons or things	39
9651213305	Fallacy	Strictly defined as guile, trickery, or a false or mistaken idea. Fallacies have the appearance of truth but are erroneous	40
9651428151	Ad hominem argument	Any kind of fallacious argument that criticizes an idea by pointing out something about the person who holds the idea, rather than directly addressing the actual merit of the idea	41
9651470246	Argument from authority	Temps us to agree with the writer's assumptions based on the authority of a famous person or entity or on his or her own character (when the writers are well-known)	42
9651494006	Appeal to ignorance	An argument bases on the assumption that whatever has not been proven false must be true or whatever has not been proven true must be false	43
9651535603	Begging the question	A fallacious form of argument in which someone assumes that parts or all of what the person claims to be proving are proven facts	44
9651562974	Hasty generalization	leading someone to a conclusion by providing insufficient, selective evidence. This is also known as a sampling error	45
9651574303	Non sequitur	A statement that does not logically relate to what comes before it	46
9651590217	False dichotomy	Consists of a consideration of only the two extremes when there are one or more intermediate possibilities Ex. Ap Calculus BC is impossible; either you get it or you don't	47
9651606465	Slippery slope	Arguments that suggest dire consequences from relatively minor causes	48
9651633716	Faulty causality	Refers to the setting up of a cause-and-effect relationship when none exists	49
9651639711	Straw man argument	Consists of an oversimplification of an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack	50
9651730756	Sentimental appeal	A tactic that attempts to appeal; to the hearts of the readers so they they forget to use their minds	51
9651733789	Red herring	Attempts to shift attention away from an important issue by introducing an issue that has no logical connection to the discussion at hand	52
9651743177	Scare tactic	Used to frighten readers or listeners into agreeing with the speakers; often, when scare tactics are used, the speaker has no logical argument on which to fall back	53
9651764956	Bandwagon appeals	Encourages the listener to agree with a position because everyone else does. The logic is: if everyone else is doing it, it must be all right	54
9651789444	Dogmatism	Does not allow for discussion because the speaker presumes that his or her beliefs are beyond question; essentially saying that "I'm correct because I'm correct"	55
9651817431	Equivocation	Telling part of the truth, while deliberately hiding the entire truth	56
9651844826	Faulty analogy	An illogical, misleading comparison between two things	57
9665709215	Analogy	A comparison used to explain something	58
9665745408	Process analysis	A rhetorical mode that's used by writers when they want to explain how to do something or how something is done	59
9665764419	Cause and effect	A rhetorical mode that explains why things should be done or should have been done	60
9665822196	Objective	Based on facts	61
9665822197	Subjective	Based on feelings or opinions	62
9665911287	Induction	Is a process in which specific examples are used to reach a general conclusion. Proceeds from the specific to a generalization	63
9665913604	Deduction	Involves the use of a generalization to draw a conclusion about a specific case. Is the process of applying a generalization to a specific case	64