AP Language Midterm Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 9133100329 | alliteration | same letter or sound with closely connected words "fair is foul and foul is fair." | 0 | |
| 9133100330 | metaphor | a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable | 1 | |
| 9133108809 | synechdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning "Cleveland's baseball team") | 2 | |
| 9133108810 | metonymy | the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing | 3 | |
| 9133112828 | asyndeton | the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence (create length in a list as if there is no end in sight) "...and that government of the people, by the people shall not perish from the earth." | 4 | |
| 9133129829 | polysyndeton | overuse of conjunctions (highlight length of sentence) "Let the whitefolks have their money and power and segregation and sarcasm and big houses and schools and lawns like carpets, and books, and mostly--mostly--let them have their whiteness" | 5 | |
| 9133129830 | anaphora | repetition of a phrase at the beginning of a clause (used for emphasis) "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. | 6 | |
| 9133132476 | epistrophe | repetition at the end of phrases or clauses "Take whatever idiot they have at the top of whatever agency and give me a better idiot. Give me a caring idiot. Give me a sensitive idiot. Just don't give me the same idiot." | 7 | |
| 9133132477 | hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally | 8 | |
| 9133135732 | paralellism | identical grammar structure (rhythmical and used in speeches) "So let us begin anew---remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate." | 9 | |
| 9133135733 | chiasmus | reverse parallel structure "By day the frolic, and the dance by night." | 10 | |
| 9133138564 | zeugma | change in definition or word use within a phrase or clause (creates irony and humor usually involved with direct objects) "You are free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit." | 11 | |
| 9133138565 | litote | figurative language as well as a form of an understatement (double negative) "I am not unaware of the productions of the Grub Street brotherhood have of late years fallen under many prejudices." | 12 | |
| 9133370062 | anadiplosis | repetition in the last word and the first word "They call for you: The general who became a slave; the slave who became a gladiator; the gladiator who defied an Emperor. Striking story." | 13 | |
| 9133370063 | antithesis | used for shock of the contrast "We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools." | 14 | |
| 9133372605 | anastrophe | inversion of the usual order of words or clauses (the first word of phrase is being given emphasis) "If once you start down the dark path, forever will it dominate your destiny, consume you it will as it did Obi-Wan's apprentice." | 15 | |
| 9133372606 | Ethos | an appeal to authority and credibility | 16 | |
| 9133372607 | Logos | an appeal to logic and reasoning | 17 | |
| 9133376641 | Pathos | an appeal to the emotions | 18 | |
| 9133376642 | syntax vs. Diction | Syntax and diction are closely related. Diction refers to the choice of words in a particular situation, while syntax determines how the chosen words are used to form a sentence. More often than not, adopting a complex diction means a complex syntactic structure of sentences, and vice versa. In combination, syntax and diction help writers develop tone, mood, and atmosphere in a text, along with evoking readers' interest. | 19 | |
| 9133417562 | Toulmin Method | Claim-thesis warrant-assumption Grounds-evidence Backing-additional evidence counter claim-arguments against claim rebuttal- disagrees with counter claim | 20 | |
| 9145037926 | Hasty generalization | an inference drawn from insufficient evidence | 21 | |
| 9145041977 | Faulty Causality | incorrect assumption that one even cause another event. Correlation does not imply causation. "When i study for tests, I fail them. When I don't study for tests, I pass. | 22 | |
| 9145047062 | Either/o | Unfair oversimplification of an issue by providing only 2 options as a possible solution. "If you aren't first, you're last" | 23 | |
| 9145059199 | Slippery Slope | Exaggeration of the likely consequences of an action, designed to show that a misstep today could result in a disaster in the future. | 24 | |
| 9145070337 | Bandwagon/appeal to doubtful authority | Arguments urging you to follow the same path that everyone else is taking. This technique is commonly used to sway these two groups: teens and voters. "Michael Jordan wears Hanes underwear, so you should too." | 25 | |
| 9145077131 | Sentimental Appeal | Playing on readers' emotions to distract them from the facts. | 26 | |
| 9145081621 | Scare Tactics | Using fear to sway people by exaggerating possible dangers well beyond their statistical likelihood. | 27 | |
| 9145088977 | Appeal to False Authority | Presenting an unqualified person or institution as a source of credible information | 28 | |
| 9145094303 | Ad Hominem | In Latin, this mean: to the man. When you attack a person's character instead of the quality of his/her ideas. | 29 | |
| 9145112289 | Straw Man | Misrepresenting or twisting someone's argument so it's easier to attack and knock down. | 30 | |
| 9145913812 | Begging the Question/Circular Reasoning | occurs when the speaker/ writer restates the claim in a different way "His lies are evident from the untruthful nature of his statement." | 31 | |
| 9145937589 | false analogy | comparing 2 ideas or situation that are not fully comparable. "Choosing not do to homework is like choosing not to brush your teeth: The long-term consequences outweigh the short-term benefits." | 32 | |
| 9145946905 | equivocation | the changing of word's meaning in the course of the argument "For lunch, soup is better than nothing. Nothing is better than pizza. Therefore, soup is better than pizza." | 33 | |
| 9145955345 | stereotyping | the result of hasty generalization "All women are bad drivers. Since you are a woman, you must be a bad driver." | 34 | |
| 9145999785 | red herring (diversion) | switches the focus from the original argument. "Our teacher should not give us homework over the weekend because we have a religious holiday. It is my teacher's responsibility to respect my religion." | 35 | |
| 9146019374 | Tu quoque | attempts to break down an opponents argument based on hypocrisy. "My PE teacher is overweight, so I will not follow his advise to eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly." | 36 |